Inserting Ethics into Deliberation on Adaptation and Resilience Policy

这一后续项目旨在将我们为什么不同意发展（WhyDAR）研究项目（NE/P01609 X/1）中获得的一些经验教训纳入适应和复原力决策。WhyDAR旨在确定理解城市复原力的不同方式，同时调查科学，技术，道德和专业知识在全球南方制定复原力战略中的作用。它提出了因对复原力概念的分歧而产生的关键伦理问题，并询问在面对这种分歧时，对复原力采取何种公平的做法。为了将这些经验教训纳入现实生活中的适应和复原力政策，该项目将与南非开普敦（中上收入）市一级的气候适应小组合作。南非可能会经历-在某些情况下已经经历-气候变化的负面影响，如干旱和干旱。不幸的是，在南非，获得具有复原力的基础设施，包括住房、医疗保健和食物链以及代表性机构的机会非常不平等、不公平和不足。因此，特别是最贫穷和最脆弱的社区成员往往被排除在外，在复原力和适应战略中的代表性不足，威胁到他们的生命、健康、粮食安全、生计、福祉和获得水和能源供应等关键服务的机会。这种情况提出了一个伦理问题，即气候最脆弱的低收入国家的适应和复原力规划如何才能变得更加平等、公平，并代表最需要包容的国家，包括考虑到不同的利益攸关方对复原力有不同的概念和目标。该项目将与开普敦的市政气候适应小组合作，制定和实施三种程序性方法，将伦理审议纳入地方和市政一级的适应和复原力规划和决策：（i）利益攸关方对话将不同受影响群体的代表聚集在一起，包括决策者、市理事会成员、服务提供者、非政府组织、企业，而不是当地社区的成员。通过对话，审议者将被迫考虑到其他集团的利益，解释自己的观点并为其提供理由。(ii)情景构建活动将鼓励审议者思考不同复原力情景的道德方面以及如何解决这些问题。特别是，我们将尝试一种做法，即审议者在考虑一个方案时，将处于“无知之幕”的后面，不知道他们在其中的身份。只有在之后，他们的身份才会被揭示出来，然后他们才能评估他们在面纱后面提出的解决方案是否对所有利益相关者都真正公平。(iii)以问题为导向的审议侧重于解决特定的现实生活中的复原力挑战。在规划过程的不同阶段，将要求规划者在训练有素的伦理学家的帮助下，反思其计划的伦理影响，这些活动的目的是测试将伦理纳入开普敦复原力规划的不同框架;从中吸取教训和最佳做法，可在类似的低收入、中等收入国家背景下推广和实施;确定并共同编制关于复原力规划的道德方面的知识;建设能力，以便在市政和地方机构内部审议复原力问题时考虑到道德问题。该项目将涉及沃里克大学和开普敦大学的研究人员，并与开普敦城市气候适应小组和非政府组织实际行动和基督教援助会合作。

This follow-up project aims to integrate into adaptation and resilience policy-making some of the lessons gained through the Why We Disagree About Development (WhyDAR) research project (NE/P01609X/1). WhyDAR aimed to identify different ways in which urban resilience is understood while investigating the role of science, technology, ethics and expertise in the making of resilience strategies in the Global South. It drew out key ethical questions arising from disagreement about conceptions to resilience, and asked what an equitable approach to resilience would look like in the face of this disagreement. Aiming to integrate these lessons into real-life adaptation and resilience policy, this project will work together with the climate adaptation team at the municipal level in Cape Town, South Africa (upper middle income). South Africa is likely to experience - and, in some cases, have already experienced - the negative effects of climate change, such as droughts and floodings. Unfortunately, access to resilient infrastructures, including housing, health care, and food chains, and representative institutions is highly unequal, inequitable, and inadequate within South Africa. Consequently, especially the poorest and most vulnerable community members are often left out and underrepresented within resilience and adaptation strategies, threatening their lives, health, food security, livelihoods, well-being, and access to crucial services, such as water and energy supply. This situation raises ethical issues of how adaptation and resilience planning within the most climate vulnerable LMICs can become more equal, equitable, and representative of those who are most in need of inclusion, including taking into account the fact that different stakeholders have different conceptions of and aims for resilience. Working together with the municipal climate adaptation team of Cape Town, the project will develop and implement three procedural methodologies for inserting ethical deliberations into adaptation and resilience planning and policy-making at the local and municipal level: (i) Stakeholder dialogues bring together representatives of different affected groups, including policy-makers, city council members, service providers, NGOs, businesses, and not members of the local communities. Through dialogue, deliberators will be forced to take into account the interests of other groups, explain and provide justification for their own views.(ii) Scenario building exercises will encourage deliberators to reflect on the ethical aspects of different resilience scenarios and how they may be resolved. In particular, we will try out an exercise in which the deliberators will be behind a 'veil of ignorance' when considering a scenario and will not know what identity they have within it. Only afterwards will their identities be revealed to them and they will then evaluate whether the solutions that they came up with behind the veil were really fair to all stakeholders.(iii) Problem-oriented deliberations focus on solving particular, real-life resilience challenges. At different stages during the planning process, the planners will be asked to reflect, with the help of a trained ethicist, on the ethical implications of their plan.The aims of these exercises will be to test different framework for inserting ethics into resilience planning in Cape Town; to draw lessons and best practices from that, which can be scaled up and implemented in similar LMIC contexts; to identify and co-produce knowledge about the ethical aspects of resilience planning; and to build capacity for taking into account ethics when deliberating on resilience within municipal and local institutions. The project will involve researchers at the University of Warwick and the University of Cape Town in collaboration with the City Climate Adaptation Team of Cape Town and the non-governmental organizations Practical Action and Christian Aid.