Household art and activities, Palaeolithic style: the psychology of 16000 year old domestic culture at Gönnersdorf (Rhineland) and Oelnitz (Thuringia)

人们在他们的生活空间中是如何运作的，日常行为的机制是如何与旧石器时代艺术的创造和功能相互作用的？旧石器时代晚期的家庭生活是什么样的？我们将运用视觉和行动心理学的方法，在两个1.6万年前的旧石器时代晚期（马格达莱尼）营地内和帐篷外探索以健康为中心的活动；Gönnersdorf和Oelknitz（德国）。在平坦的表面和浅浅的洼地上，每个地方都有几个挖掘得很好的、很好理解的壁炉，上面覆盖着鹅卵石和平坦的石头牌匾，这些牌匾在法国和瑞士的当代遗址中更广泛地发现。在Gönnersdorf上有406块匾（在Oelknitz只有两块），上面刻着重要的猎物（尤其是马、驯鹿和野牛）和高度风格化的人类女性肖像。不同形式的帐篷结构可以通过有图案的垃圾场来证明，这些垃圾场表明了用于支撑上层建筑的墙壁、坑和石头，以及改装的石器和屠宰的动物骨头，这些都揭示了特定活动发生的地方，以及日常生活中哪些区域的内部和外部空间是相互联系的。鉴于这两个遗址的保存、挖掘和档案记录的卓越质量，它们为审讯提供了一个非凡的数据库。该项目的团队包括对这些遗址最熟悉的专家（德国MONREPOS），一个尖端的痕迹实验室（MONREPOS），以及一个旧石器时代的考古学家和视觉和行动心理学家，他们正在合作开发早期手势和艺术的心理探索的正式方法（英国达勒姆）。我们将聘请一名一直在视觉古心理学领域发展的英国PDRA作为我们共同监督的博士，并在两年的项目周期内通过五个工作包的累积过程培养一名德国RA。我们将进行实验（物理）和虚拟现实模拟重建他们的健康和周围发生的活动。在复制和模拟中，我们都可以近似当时的光照水平（日光，灯光）。我们将对参与者进行身体和眼睛追踪，并建立家庭活动的动作特征，例如建造壁炉/清理/再利用；工具制造、维修、雕刻。我们将在MONREPOS追溯实验室中描述实验创作的雕刻；通过将这些与实际艺术品的痕迹学进行比较，我们可以确切地确定这些是如何雕刻的。由此产生的生物力学和视觉特征将使我们能够确定帐篷内部受限的空间如何决定/限制行动，以及这在露天环境中有何不同。这将使我们能够描述日常动作的生物力学特征，并研究“国内”艺术是如何由此产生的。可见性是如何影响这些早期版画的性质的？它们又是如何受到环境的限制的？

How did people function in their lifespace, and how did the mechanics of routine actions interact with the creation and function of Palaeolithic art? What did domestic life look like in the Upper Palaeolithic? We will deploy methods from the psychology of vision and action to explore hearth-focussed activities within and without of tents on two 16,000 year old Upper Palaeolithic (Magdalenian) campsites; Gönnersdorf and Oelknitz (Germany). Each possess several well-excavated and well-understood hearths both on flat surfaces and in shallow depressions, covered with cobbles and flat stone plaquettes which are found more widely on contemporary sites in France and Switzerland. At Gönnersdorf 406 plaquettes (at Oelknitz only two) bear engravings of important prey animals (notably horse, reindeer and bison) and highly-stylised depictions of human females. Tent structures of varying form is evidenced by patterned refuse dumps indicative of walls, pits and stones used to support superstructures, and refitting of stone tools and butchered animal bones that reveal where particular activities took place and what areas of internal and external space were linked in daily life. Given the exceptional quality of their preservation, excavation and archival recording, the two sites offer a remarkable database for interrogation. The project's team includes specialists with the greatest familiarity with these sites (MONREPOS, Germany), a cutting-edge traceology laboratory (MONREPOS), and a Palaeolithic archaeologist and psychologist of vision and action who are collaboratively developing formal methods for the psychological exploration of early gestures and art (Durham, UK). We will employ a UK PDRA who has been developing this field of visual palaeopsychology as our jointly supervised PhD, and train a German RA through a cumulative process of five workpackages over a two year project life. We will undertake the experimental (physical) and VR simulated reconstruction of their hearths and activities occurring around them. In both replication and simulation we can approximate light levels at the time (daylight, lamplight). We will body- and eye-track participants in each, and build up a motion characterisation of domestic activities such as hearth construction/clearing/reuse; tool manufacture and maintenance, and engraving. We will characterise the experimentally-created engravings in the MONREPOS traceology laboratory; by comparing these to the traceology of the actual art we can ascertain exactly how these were engraved. The resulting biomechanical & visual characterisation of such will allow us to ascertain how the constrained space in tent interiors determined/restricted action, and how this differed in the open air. It will allow us to characterise the biomechanics of routine actions, and investigate how 'domestic' art arose out of this. How did visibility affect the nature of these early engravings, and how were they constrained by their environments?