Community based interventions against Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis on the Jos Plateau Nigeria

该项目旨在开发控制动物锥虫病的新方法。尼日利亚的乔斯高原是一个人口稠密的地区，居住着近100万头奶牛，这些奶牛由定居的牧民饲养，他们与自给农民一起生活。锥虫病在该地区造成严重的牲畜生产损失，就像它在撒哈拉以南非洲一样。它影响到生活在农村社区的最贫穷和最被剥夺权利的人口的生计。引起锥虫病的寄生虫是通过采采蝇传播的，采采蝇以受感染宿主的血液为食。这种疾病的治疗既负担得起又有效：用廉价的注射药物进行单次治疗就足以清除动物体内所有循环的锥虫。因此，尽管这些寄生虫对发展有双重限制，但它们的控制对人类和牲畜同样有双重好处。在缺乏大规模采采蝇控制方案的情况下，需要找到可持续的锥虫病控制方法。在不产生抗药性风险的情况下治疗每只动物是不合适或不可能的。因此，有必要针对牲畜和野生动物中的高风险疾病携带者采取干预措施。在这个项目中，我们的目标是（i）通过综合疾病管理最大限度地提高牲畜健康（ii）确定不同时间和地点的锥虫病的主要风险因素iii）制定有效的政府支持社区疾病管理的政策。该项目将使决策者、公共机构、社区和个体小农能够确定适当和具有成本效益的方法，以可持续的农民为基础控制牲畜中的锥虫病。

The project aims to develop novel ways of controlling animal trypanosomiasis. The Jos plateau in Nigeria is a heavily populated area home to almost a million cows kept by settled pastoralists who live alongside subsistence farmers. Trypanosomiasis causes severe production losses in livestock in this area, as it does through out Sub Saharan Africa. It affects the livelihoods of the poorest and most disenfranchised populations living in rural communities. The parasites that cause trypanosomiasis are transmitted by tsetse flies feeding on blood from an infected host. Treatment of the disease is both affordable and effective: a single treatment with a cheap injectable drug is sufficient to clear the animal of all circulating trypanosomes Therefore, although these parasites are a double constraint to development, their control is equally of double benefit to humans and their livestock. In the absence of large scale tsetse control programmes, sustainable methods of trypanosomiasis control need to be found. It is not appropriate or possible to treat every animal without the risk of resistance to the drugs developing. It is thus necessary to target interventions to high-risk carriers of disease amongst livestock and wildlife. In this project, we aim to (i) maximise livestock health through integrated disease management (ii) Identify the major risk factors for trypanosomiasis at different times and locations iii) formulate a policy for effective government support of community based disease management. The project will enable policy makers, public institutions, communities and individual smallholder farmers to identify appropriate and cost-effective methods for the sustainable farmer based control of trypanosomiasis in livestock.