CARBON RECYCLING: CONVERTING WASTE DERIVED GHG INTO CHEMICALS, FUELS AND ANIMAL FEED (CCnet).

继续使用化石燃料是站不住脚的。作为一种有限的资源，它们的提取、加工和开发导致环境污染和以二氧化碳（CO2）和甲烷（CH4）形式增加的温室气体（GHG）排放。自1750年工业革命开始以来，世界范围内的净排放量增加了约40%，其中大部分是在最近发生的。在1990年至2010年期间，这一比例为35%。温室气体排放是气候变化的驱动因素。因此，在过去的50年里，伴随着极地冰盖的融化和积雪的普遍减少，平均空气和海洋温度急剧上升。这些变化导致干旱和热浪、洪水、热带气旋和飓风的频率增加，极端降水事件增多，海平面上升。后者威胁到沿海社区的持续存在（世界上最大的10个城市中有8个靠近海岸），甚至整个低洼的岛国，如马尔代夫，而前者正在造成破坏性的野火，作物歉收和缺水供应。对农业活动的极端影响加剧了人类面临的主要挑战之一-人口规模的增加。因此，全球人口从1800年的10亿增长到2018年的76.16亿，预计到2100年将达到112亿。世界正处在一个十字路口。面对气候变化的破坏性力量，我们如何养活世界上迅速增长的人口？同样重要的是，如何通过寻找新的方法，从化石燃料以外的来源生产社会所需的化学物质和燃料，从而防止进一步的温室气体排放。目的和目标。一个统一的解决方案是使用导致问题的单一碳（C1）温室气体作为化学、燃料和食品制造的基石。这是由于“食气”细菌的存在，它们可以利用二氧化碳和甲烷中的碳，并将其转化为我们需要的化学物质，甚至可以制造单细胞蛋白（SCP），用于喂养人类依赖的乳制品和肉类牲畜。大多数微生物在糖上生长，比如用于酿造啤酒和葡萄酒的酵母。但是在这个研究群体中研究的细菌消耗单一的碳气体，如CO2和CH4。在BBSRC和EPSRC的资助下，碳回收网络（CCnet）的目的是开发回收温室气体中的碳并将其转化为我们所需的化学和食物资源所需的生物过程。成功将需要许多不同科学领域的参与来设计、测试和建立所需的生物过程。如果要取得突破，就需要生物学家、化学家、工程师和数学家的共同努力。至关重要的是，要开发的系统及其最终的操作将需要社会科学家的参与，以确保所进行的工作是以负责任的方式进行的，并且不会对人类或地球造成任何不考虑的后果。最关键的是，它需要工业界的参与，他们可以接受已开发的想法和流程，并将其转化为现实世界的解决方案。应用与效益sccnet将成为学术和工业研究人员的焦点，他们可以共同改变我们生活的世界，使其变得更美好。它将培训年轻的研究人员并为他们提供信息，举办讨论和制定计划中的实验所需的会议、讲习班和论坛。最好的概念将获得种子基金，以测试所做的假设，并收集所需的数据，以吸引更多的资金，将他们的想法转化为现实世界。通过这种学院式的方法，并与工业界合作，CCnet将有所作为。它将有助于减少温室气体排放，帮助英国实现其目标，并可持续地生产我们社会和世界所需的化学品和燃料。

CONTEXTThe continued use of fossil fuels is no longer tenable. A finite resource, their extraction, processing and exploitation results in environmental pollution and increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Worldwide, net emissions have increased about 40 percent since the Industrial Revolution began in 1750, the majority of which has taken place in recent times, ie., 35 percent between 1990 and 2010. GHG emissions are the drivers of climate change. Thus, over the last 50 years average air and sea temperatures have risen dramatically, concomitant with melting of the polar ice caps and a general reduction in snow. These changes are resulting in increased frequencies of droughts and heat waves, flooding, tropical cyclones and hurricanes, more extreme precipitation events and rising sea levels. The latter threaten the continued existence of coastal communities (8 of the 10 largest cities in the world are near a coast) and even entire low-lying island nations such as the Maldives, while the former are causing destructive wildfires, failed crops, and low water supplies. The extreme effects on agricultural activity exacerbate one of the major challenges facing humankind - increases in population size. Thus, the global human population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.616 billion in 2018 and is predicted to 11.2 billion by 2100. The world is at a crossroads. How can we feed the world's burgeoning population in the face of the destructive forces of climate change? Equally important, how can prevent further GHG emissions by finding new ways to make the chemicals and fuels society needs from a source other than fossil fuels. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES.A unifying solution is to use the very single carbon (C1) GHGs that are causing the problem as the building block for chemical, fuel and food manufacture. This is made possible by the existence of 'gas-eating' bacteria that can use the carbon in CO2 and CH4, and convert it to the chemicals we need, and even to make single cell protein (SCP) that can be used to feed the dairy and meat livestock humankind rely on. Most microbes grow on sugar, such as the yeast used to make beer and wine. But the bacteria under investigation in this community of researchers consume single carbon gases, such as CO2 and CH4.Funded by the BBSRC and EPSRC, it is the purpose of the Carbon reCycling Network (CCnet) to develop the biological processes required to recycle the carbon in GHG and convert it into the chemical and food resources we need. Success will require the participation of many different fields of science to design, test and build the biological processes needed. It will require the amalgamated efforts of biologists, chemists, engineers and mathematics if the breakthroughs are to be made. Crucially, the systems to be developed and their eventual operation will require the involvement of social scientists to ensure that the work undertaken is performed in a responsible way and there are no un-thought of consequences to humankind or the planet. Crucially it will need the involvement of industry who can take on the ideas and processes developed and turn them into real world solutions.APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITSCCnet will act as the focus for the academic and industrial researchers needed who together can change the world we live in for the better. It will train and inform young reseachers, hold the meetings, workshops and forums needed to discuss and formulate planned experiments. The best concepts will receive seed corn funding to test the assumptions made and to amass the data need to attract the larger sums of money needed to translate their ideas into the real world. Through this collegiate approach, and by working with industry, CCnet will make a difference. It will help reduce GHG emissions, helping the UK to meet its targets, and sustainably generate the chemicals and fuels our society and the world needs.