CONTROL OF PATTERN FORMATION IN DROSOPHILA

有机体的发育始于合子的形成。 这一单细胞分裂和多细胞胚胎是由一系列 在空间和时间上有序的特定事件，导致 正常模式生物的分化。 我们用苍蝇 黑腹果蝇来分析这些事件，因为我们有机会 现代细胞和分子技术以及遗传学工具。 两 我们的研究涉及图案形成的初始控制。 第一个问题（1）询问胚胎中的早期事件是如何控制的。 具体来说，我们将测试是否有临界量的核武器， 物质影响核运动的时间。 第二（2）问 关于这些事件发生的时间的影响， 迁移过早或过晚。 我们还将探讨 细胞表面和细胞通讯在图案分化中的作用 通过研究以下几个方面：（3）细胞遗传的作用， 非遗传（例如细胞环境）成分在形成 生物体的模式和（4）细胞差异的程度 承诺（决心）表现在细胞的表面。 我们将 测试细胞是否根据细胞的差异进行分类 使用细胞结合测定法， 识别特异性 我们还将比较细胞的表面性质 他们有着同样的决心，但来自不同的发展阶段， 无论它们是否具有相似的识别特性。 最后，使用 免疫探针，我们计划确定细胞表面抗原的重要性， 在细胞识别中。 在这些研究中获得的结果及其 解释将不仅对理解 果蝇的发育，以及一般的发育生物学。

The development of an organism starts with the formation of the zygote. This single cell divides and a multicellular embryo is formed by a series of specific events well ordered in space and time, leading to the differentiation of a normally patterned organism. We use the fly Drosophila melanogaster to analyze these events because we have access to modern cellular and molecular techniques as well as genetical tools. Two of our investigations deal with the initial control of pattern formation. The first (1) asks how early events in the embryo are controlled. Specifically we will test whether or not a critical amount of nuclear material influences the timing of nuclear movement. The second (2) asks about the effect of the timing of these events, by inducing nuclear migration too early or too late. We will also probe the significance of the cell surface and cell communication in the differentiation of a pattern by investigating the following: (3) the role of cell heritable vs. nonheritable (e.g. the cells environment) components in forming the patterns of an organism and (4) the extent to which differences in cell commitment (determination) are manifested on the cell's surface. We will test whether or not cells sort out according to differences in cell determination and directly measure, using a cell binding assay, their recognition specificity. We will also compare surface properties of cells with the same determination but from different developmental stages, to see whether or not they share similar recognition properties. Finally by using immunological probes, we plan to identify cell surface antigens important in cell recognition. The results obtained in these studies and their interpretation will have implications not only for understanding the development of Drosophila, but also for developmental biology in general.