EFFECTS OF FERTILITY AND MORTALITY ON CHILD HEALTH

拟议项目的主要目标是评估 父母的社会经济特征以及各种方案 干预措施改变了儿童的平均健康和人力资本， 影响成年妇女的生育率和 孩子 根据四个国家的家庭数据估计- 孟加拉国、象牙海岸、马来西亚和美国--参展 不同的出生率和儿童死亡率水平 关于特定干预措施如何影响受影响人数的信息， 出生的儿童的组成， 出生队列的幸存者和平均健康和人力资本 幸存者 社会经济和环境之间的关系 家庭和儿童死亡率的特点反映了 将评估行为的生育能力以及孩子的选择性。 影响人口平均健康的因素 幸存者 模型纳入选择性受孕率，胎儿 生存，儿童生存将估计，将提供 第一次全面评估计划对儿童健康的影响， 通过生育率和死亡率追踪其影响人力资本 变化 这些估计数将与先前的估计数进行比较。 孤立地看待一个或另一个结果的研究， 考虑生育率和/或死亡率引起的样本选择问题。 将制定和应用计量经济学程序， 考虑到生育率和死亡率的选择性影响 关于儿童健康的各种假设下的异质性 的人口。 将生育率和死亡率视为 有选择的过程将提供改进的计划估计 对儿童健康的干预措施，以及更好地了解 父母的社会经济地位和卫生基础设施的变化 影响人口中存活儿童的平均健康状况 其特点是生育率和死亡率不同。

The principal objective of the proposed project is to assess how changes in the socioeconomic characteristics of parents and how a variety of program interventions alter the average health and human capital of children by influencing both the fertility of adult women and the survival rates of children. Estimates based on household data from four countries-- Bangladesh, the Ivory Coast, Malaysia, and the United States--exhibiting very different levels of birth and child death rates will provide information on how particular interventions affect the number and composition of children who are born, the number and composition of the survivors of the birth cohort and the average health and human capital of the survivors. The degree to which the relationships between socioeconomic characteristic of household and child mortality reflect the selectivity of fertility in behavior will be assessed as well as the selectivity of child survival in influencing the average healthiness of the population of survivors. Models incorporating selectivity in conception rates, fetal survival, and child survival will be estimated that will provide for the first time comprehensive estimates of program effects on child health and human capital that trace out their effects through fertility and mortality change. The estimates will be compared to those obtained from prior studies which look at one or another outcome in isolation and do not consider issues of sample selection induced by fertility and/or mortality. Econometric procedures will be developed and applied that provide estimates that take into account the selective influences of fertility and mortality on child health under a wide variety of assumptions about the heterogeneity of populations. Applications of models treating fertility and mortality as selective processes will provide improved estimates of program interventions on child health and a better understanding of how changes in the socioeconomic status of parents and changes in health infrastructure influence the average health status of surviving children in populations characterized by different levels of fertility and mortality.