GENETIC FACTORS IN RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL

这些研究的目的是检查影响 易受酒精和其他药物滥用障碍的影响。 的目的 家族史研究是（1）比较急性 低风险和高风险药物滥用个体的酒精挑战 根据酒精中毒家族史定义，（2）将反应与 一种兴奋剂（d-安非他明）在同一组，和（3）检查 体内对兴奋剂和镇静剂反应的一致性 科目 将使用一系列措施测量药物反应 包括静息EEG、事件相关电位、连续 性能任务，生理震颤和站立稳定性，以及自我- 主观影响的报告。 药物偏好研究的目的是（1）检验以下假设： 倾向于使用d-安非他明而不是安慰剂的人会报告更多 刺激物一样的主观效果，和（2）测试的假设， 倾向于使用d-安非他明而不是安慰剂的个体将表现出行为和 电生理反应与刺激样 主观影响，而喜欢安慰剂的人将有一个 不同的行为和生理影响。 响应于 将使用与将使用的相同的测量组合测量药物 在家族史研究中。 持续注意力的双胞胎研究将（1）允许估计 持续注意力的遗传性，（2）检查 遗传力，以及（3）解开遗传的影响， 持续发展中观察到的性别差异 性能测试。 了解CPT的遗传效应将有助于 阐明注意力缺陷在药物滥用和其他 紊乱

The purpose of these studies is to examine factors which affect vulnerability to alcohol and other substance abuse disorders. The aims of the family history study are (1) to compare the response to an acute alcohol challenge in individuals at low and high risk for substance abuse as defined by family history of alcoholism, (2) to compare the response to a stimulant drug (d-amphetamine) in the same groups, and (3) to examine the concordance of response to a stimulant and a sedative drug within subjects. Response to drug will be measured using a battery of measures including resting EEG, event-related potentials, the Continuous Performance Task, physiological tremor and standing stability, and self- reported subjective effects. The aims of the drug preference study are (1) to test the hypothesis that individuals who prefer d-amphetamine over placebo will report more stimulant like subjective effects, and (2) to test the hypothesis that individuals who prefer d-amphetamine over placebo will show behavioral and electrophysiological responses consistent with the stimulant-like subjective effects, while individuals who prefer placebo will have a different profile of behavioral and physiological effects. Response to drug will be measured using the same battery of measures as will be used in the family history study. The twin study of sustained attention will (1) permit estimates of the heritability of sustained attention, (2) examine developmental changes in that heritability, and (3) disentangle the effects of heredity and environment on the observed gender differences in the Continuous Performance Test. Knowledge of the genetic effects on the CPT will help to clarify the role of attention deficits in substance abuse and other disorders.