DEVELOPMENTAL CONTINUITY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN REACTIVITY IN MONKEYS

该项目通过以下方式研究灵长类生物行为发育 对恒河猴和卷尾猴的纵向比较研究， 特别强调区分不同的个体模式 对环境新奇事物的行为和生理反应 挑战和关于确定可持续发展的长期后果 不同遗传背景的个体在不同的 物质和社会环境。在过去的一年里，罢工 父母来自不同家庭的恒河猴婴儿的差异 中国野生种群及其父母为北方人的种群 印度人的传统被发现用于衡量新生儿的反应、活动 模式，保持注意力的能力，以及在第一个阶段的气质 生命之月。因为中国人和印度人都起源于 婴儿是在相同的托儿所条件下长大的，这些 差异不能归因于不同的产后经历。 5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素和 在实验室出生的大量样本中发现了多巴胺代谢物 在类似的环境中饲养的恒河猴。长期的 早期差别化饲养的行为和生理效应 这些猴子在青春期的经历也被记录下来。 以及成年早期。行为与行为之间的特定关系 恐惧和冲动攻击的表现和特征模式 肾上腺皮质反应性和5-羟色胺代谢 在实验室条件下披露的圈养恒河猴 基本上是在自由放养的野生猕猴种群中复制的 猴子。最后，对短期分离的影响进行了初步研究 在卷尾猴实验中，受试者表现出一系列的个体差异 在生物行为反应上与在恒河猴中观察到的相当 猴子，尽管在基本方面有很大的差异 这两种猴子之间的母婴关系。

This project investigates primate biobehavioral development through comparative longitudinal studies of rhesus and capuchin monkeys, with special emphasis on characterizing individual patterns of differential behavioral and physiological responses to environmental novelty and challenge and on determining long-term developmental consequences for individuals of different genetic backgrounds reared in different physical and social environments. During the past year striking differences between rhesus monkey infants whose parents came from wild populations in China and those whose parents were of Northern Indian heritage were found for measures of neonatal reflexes, activity patterns, ability to sustain attention, and temperament during the first month of life. Because both the Chinese derived and Indian derived infants were reared under identical nursery conditions, these differences could not be attributed to differential postnatal experiences. Distinctive patterns of heritability for serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine metabolites were found in a large sample of laboratory-born rhesus monkeys reared in comparable environments. Long-term behavioral and physiological effects of differential early rearing experiences were also documented in these monkeys during adolescence and early adulthood. The specific relationships between behavioral expressions of fear and impulsive aggression and characteristic patterns of adrenocortical reactivity and serotonin metabolism previously disclosed for captive rhesus monkeys under laboratory conditions were basically replicated in a wild population of free-ranging rhesus monkeys. Finally, initial studies of the effects of short-term separation in capuchin monkey subjects revealed a range of individual differences in biobehavioral reactions comparable to that observed in rhesus monkeys, despite major differences in fundamental aspects of the mother-infant relationship between these two monkey species.