UK Biobank Imaging Enhancement Main phase

了解常见的危及生命和致残疾病的决定因素是一项巨大的挑战。这种情况通常是由许多不同的暴露引起的，每种暴露都有适度的影响，并以复杂的方式相互作用。前瞻性队列，如英国生物库，具有全面和可靠的量化不同类型的风险因素对健康结果的综合影响的优势。特别是，可以在接触受到疾病或其管理影响之前对其进行评估，并且可以评估那些不容易通过回顾性研究进行调查的疾病（例如痴呆症）。此外，可以考虑特定因素对不同疾病的终生风险的所有有利和不利影响。然而，前瞻性研究确实需要涉及大量的参与者，因为只有相对较小的比例会出现任何特定的情况。英国生物银行收集了广泛的基线问卷数据，身体测量和基线时40-69岁的50万男性和女性的生物样本，他们的健康状况正在长期跟踪。该提案是为了增强100，000名参与者的表型，使用一组经过精心选择的成像模式，以提供可能与许多不同健康结果相关的大量额外信息。

The challenges of understanding the determinants of common life-threatening and disabling diseases are substantial. Such conditions are typically caused by many different exposures that each have moderate effects and interact with each other in complex ways. Prospective cohorts, such as UK Biobank, have advantages for the comprehensive and reliable quantification of the combined effects of different types of risk factor on health outcomes. In particular, exposures can be assessed before they are affected by disease or its management, and diseases can be assessed that are not readily investigated by retrospective studies (e.g. dementia). Moreover, all of the beneficial and adverse effects of a specific factor on the life-time risks of different diseases can be considered. Prospective studies do, however, need to involve large numbers of participants because only a relatively small proportion will develop any particular condition. UK Biobank has involved the collection of extensive baseline questionnaire data, physical measurements and biological samples from 500,000 men and women aged 40-69 at baseline, and their health is now being followed long-term. This proposal is for enhanced phenotyping of 100,000 of the participants with a set of imaging modalities that have been carefully chosen to provide considerable additional information that is likely to be relevant to many different health outcomes.