Smoking prevention in young people: A cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions

本研究将在4年的时间内测试一种干预措施，以减少11-12岁青少年开始吸烟的情况。干预将采用一种简单但有效的策略来拒绝香烟的提议（如果-然后计划如何拒绝香烟的提议并阅读反吸烟信息），并在控制条件下进行测试（制定关于完成作业的计划并阅读支持作业的信息）。总共将随机选择18所学校（每所学校大约有3个班级）实施干预，另外18所学校（每所学校大约有3个班级）将随机选择实施对照条件。干预措施将由训练有素的教师实施，并在学校的课堂时间进行九次(即：每次干预间隔6个月)。主要结果测量将是通过客观测量（呼吸一氧化碳测量）在基线（参与者11-12岁时）和基线后12、24、36和48个月（即吸烟年龄）评估吸烟行为。（15-16岁时的最后一次随访）。次要结果测量将是在同一时间点测量自我报告吸烟情况。在控制基线上的任何差异后，分析将测试每次随访中吸烟率的差异。

This research will test an intervention to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents initially aged 11-12 years over a 4 year time period. The intervention will employ a simple but effective strategy to refuse offers of cigarettes (if-then plans about how to say no to offers of cigarettes plus reading anti-smoking messages) and test it against a control condition (forming if-then plans about completing homework plus reading pro-homework messages). A total of 18 schools (with approximately 3 classes in each) will be randomly selected to implement the intervention and 18 other schools (again with approximately 3 classes in each) will be randomly selected to implement the control condition. The intervention will be implemented by trained teachers and be conducted in schools in classroom time on nine occasions (ie. six months between each intervention). The main outcome measure will be smoking behavior assessed by objective measures (breath carbon monoxide measures) at baseline (when participants were 11-12 years of age) and at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post baseline (ie., final follow-up when participants were 15-16 years of age). A secondary outcome measure will be self-reported smoking measured at the same time points. Analysis will test for differences in smoking rates at each of the follow-ups after controlling for any differences at baseline.