ADAPTATION OF LABORATORY REARED MONKEYS TO FIELD ENVIRONMENTS

这个项目调查了恒河猴和其他非人类灵长类动物如何 在不同实验室条件下出生和长大的物种适应 放置在包含特定物理和社交的环境中 猴子的自然栖息地的特征。适应性通过以下方式进行评估 检查行为指令表并通过监控各种 这些受试者的生理系统，产生了广泛的指数 相对的身体和心理健康。中国政府的回应 受试者对他们所选择的特征进行实验操作 各自的环境也以类似的方式进行评估。什么时候都行 可能的情况下，收集现场数据以进行适当的比较。一个 另一个重点是调查认知、行为和 适应新环境或环境所涉及的社会过程。 卷尾猴被用于许多这样的研究，因为它们是 在猴子的制造和使用倾向上是独一无二的 用于修改其物理环境的工具。 在过去的一年里，对空间记忆能力的新研究 证明了所有年龄段的恒河猴都非常敏感 在刺激丰富的环境中出现新的刺激， 无论它们是在圈养环境中还是在自由放养的环境中。关于男子军的研究 启动了在囚禁情况下的移交，同时进行了实地考察 成人行为和生理特征的比较 在出生的部队迁出后加入新部队的男性 他们在移民完成后仍然孤身一人。长期的 同一领域母婴互动的纵向分析 布景揭示了军队之间惊人的动态关系 产妇保健的人口统计和模式。跨物种比较 恒河猴与巴巴里母婴关系的研究 猕猴揭示了这些密切相关的物种之间的有趣差异 类似野外环境中的猕猴物种。最后，广泛的研究 卷尾猴扩大了已知的范围和复杂性 工具使用功能，包括以前认为的一些功能 只有人类和他们的原始人祖先才有。

This project investigates how rhesus monkeys and other nonhuman primate species born and raised under different laboratory conditions adapt to placement into environments that contain specific physical and social features of the monkeys' natural habitat. Adaptation is assessed by examining behavioral repertoires and by monitoring a variety of physiological systems in these subjects, yielding broad-based indices of relative physical and psychological well-being. The responses of subjects to experimental manipulations of selected features of their respective environments are also assessed in similar fashion. Whenever possible, field data are collected for appropriate comparisons. An additional focus is on investigating the cognitive, behavioral, and social processes involved in adaptation to new settings or circumstances. Capuchin monkeys are employed in many of these studies because they are unique among monkey species in their propensity to manufacture and use tools to modify their physical environments. During the past year, new studies of spacial memory capabilities demonstrated that rhesus monkeys of all ages are exquisitely sensitive to the appearance of novel stimuli within a stimulus-rich environment, be they in captive or free-ranging settings. A study of male troop transfer under captive circumstances was initiated, while a field study comparing both behavioral and physiological characteristics of adult males who had joined new troops after natal troop emigration with those who remained solitary after emigration was completed. Long-term longitudinal analyses of mother-infant interactions in the same field setting uncovered a striking dynamic relationship between troop demographics and patterns of maternal care. Cross-species comparisons of mother-infant relationships between rhesus monkeys and Barbary macaques revealed interesting differences between these closely related macaque species in analogous field settings. Finally, extensive studies with capuchin monkeys extended the known range and complexity of their tool-using capabilities, including some previously thought to be exclusive to humans and their hominid ancestors.