PREVENTING ALCOHOL TRAUMA--A COMMUNITY TRIAL

本预防试验的目的是实施和评价一项 为期五年的综合社区干预，以减少酒精参与 创伤，即，涉及酒精的交通事故，包括受伤和 非交通事故死亡和意外死亡 包括烧伤、溺水和福尔斯跌落在内的伤害。 为了实现这两个目标，本研究包括实施和 评价一个基于社区的干预，使用五个相互作用， 支持组件： 社区知识、价值观和动员组件，包括 与实验社区现有的社区联盟合作， 实施具体的干预措施， 提高认识和教育方案，支持总体目标和 个别成分，包括对酒精相关创伤的关注， 血液酒精浓度与损伤的关系 死亡或受伤的风险增加，以及估算BAC的技能。 负责任的饮料服务组件，包括服务员培训 以及酒店内酒类销售点的所有者/经理， 和/或未成年客户在酒吧和餐馆，并发展和 实施饮料服务政策，减少 醉酒或醉酒驾驶的顾客。 一个未成年人饮酒的组成部分，包括学校的发展 （包括规范的课程补充）和社区计划， 家长和青少年关注的问题，销售和获得 未成年人的酒精，以及培训场外酒精零售商， 减少对未成年人的销售。 饮酒和驾驶风险的一个组成部分，增加实际和 受影响的驾驶员的感知逮捕风险率 酒精 该组件包括通过以下方式提高DWI效率 培训执法人员掌握识别酒后驾车司机的新技术 以及使用被动式酒精传感器来增加 侦测 获得酒精的组成部分包括使用当地的分区权力， 其他市政控制网点密度，以减少可用性 酒精 研究设计是准实验性的，有三对实验 和比较社区：加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯和莫德斯托;佛罗伦萨和萨姆特 县，SC;和Whatcom和考利茨县，华盛顿州。 第一年是 基线数据收集和规划阶段，包括 社区和急诊室调查以及档案的使用 记录 第二年到第四年是干预阶段， 一个迭代的过程评估和基于媒体的反馈给社区。 最后一个项目年有三个部分：（a）成果评价，包括 社区一级碰撞和事故数据分析，（B）过程 对整个项目和各组成部分执行情况的评价，以及（c） 社区方案组成部分的制度化，以确保 研究完成后的延续性。

The objective of this prevention trial is to implement and evaluate a comprehensive five-year community intervention to reduce alcohol-involved trauma, i.e., alcohol-involved traffic crashes including injuries and fatalities, and alcohol-involved non-traffic fatalities and unintentional injuries including burns, drownings, and falls. To achieve these two goals, the research consists of the implementation and evaluation of a community-based intervention using five interacting and supportive components: A COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE, VALUES, AND MOBILIZATION component which consists of working with existing community coalitions in the experimental communities to implement specific interventions and developing an integrated public awareness and education program which support overall goals and those of individual components, including concern about alcohol-involved trauma, the relationship of Blood Alcohol Concentration and impairment as related to increased risk of death or injury, and skills in estimating BAC. A RESPONSIBLE BEVERAGE SERVICE component that includes training of servers and owner/managers of on-premise alcohol outlets to identify intoxicated and/or underage customers in bars and restaurants and to develop and implement beverage service policies that reduce the probability of customers becoming intoxicated or of driving when intoxicated. An UNDERAGE DRINKING component that includes the development of school (including a normative curriculum complement) and community programs for parents and adolescents concerned with issues of sales and access to alcohol by minors, and the training of off-premise alcohol retailers to reduce sales to minors. A RISK OF DRINKING AND DRIVING component that increases the actual and perceived risk of apprehension rate of drivers who are under the influence of alcohol. This component consists of increasing DWI efficiency through training enforcement officers in new techniques for identifying DWI drivers and the use of passive alcohol sensors to increase the probability of detection. An ACCESS TO ALCOHOL component includes the use of local zoning powers and other municipal control of outlet density to reduce the availability of alcohol. The research design is quasi-experimental with three pairs of experimental and comparison communities: Salinas and Modesto, CA; Florence and Sumter Counties, SC; and Whatcom and Cowlitz Counties, WA. The first year is a baseline data collection and planning phase involving a combination of community and emergency room surveys as well as the use of archival records. Years Two through Four are intervention phases which make use of an iterative process evaluation and media-based feedback to the community. The final project year has three parts: (a) outcome evaluation including the analysis of community-level crash and accident data, (b) process evaluation of the total project and component implementation, and (c) the institutionalization of the community program components in order to ensure continuity after the research is completed.