Preventing tobacco abuse across cultures

防止跨文化烟草使用研究将为加州最大和最高风险移民人口的初中和高中青年制定和测试与文化相关的烟草使用预防计划。研究一从已经开始的一项试验开始，评估一项针对加州最大的移民青年人口的中学戒烟计划，这些移民青年来自墨西哥、中美洲和南美洲、中国和菲律宾等环太平洋文化地区的人。这里提出的这项研究将增加第五个群体，太平洋岛屿文化的年轻人，他们在加利福尼亚州的年轻人中吸烟率最高。这项研究还将增加干预措施，以防止在高中水平上发展为常规的和成瘾的使用，并防止那些上高中时不吸烟的人染上烟瘾。这项研究将使用各种问卷和生物标记措施跟踪11年级烟草使用的吸收和进展，并将吸收和计划有效性与文化和文化适应的不同维度联系起来。研究二是在武汉进行的一项试验，旨在评估中国在一个相对同质的土著人口中发现的一项在防止美国青年吸烟方面有效的方案。由于中国强烈的亲吸烟规范，加上西方文化的影响水平相对较低，这次审判将为文化大学提供一个以西方为主的预防计划的严格考验。这些措施是相同的，这项研究反映了研究1的实验设计。这些研究将共同为项目开发提供信息，在不同的和同类的环境中，与吸烟有关的文化关联，并测试一个主要从西方角度为加州最大和最高风险的移民/居民人口开发的最先进项目的文化局限性。

The Preventing Tobacco Use Across Culture Study will develop and test culturally relevant tobacco use prevention programs for middle and high school youth of the largest and highest risk immigrant populations in California. Study 1 starts with a trial already underway to assess a middle school smoking prevention program designed for California's largest immigrant youth population, those from the Pacific Rim cultures of Mexico, Central and South American, China, and the Philippines. The study proposed here will add a fifth group, youth of Pacific Island cultures who have the highest rate of smoking among youth in California. This study will also add interventions to prevent progression to regular and addictive use at the high school level, and prevent uptake among those who reached high school without smoking. The study will track tobacco use uptake and progression through grade 11 using a variety of questionnaire and bio-marker measures, and relate uptake and program effectiveness to various dimensions of culture and acculturation. Study 2 is a trial in Wuhan, China to assess in a relatively homogenous indigenous population a program found to be effective in preventing smoking among American youth. Because of the strong pro-smoking norms in China together with relatively low levels of western influence in the culture, this trial will provide a rigorous test of the cultural university of a western-based prevention program. The measures are the same, and the study mirrors the experimental design of study 1. Together these studies will inform program development of cultural associations with smoking in both heterogeneous and homogeneous settings, and test the cultural limitations of a state of the art program developed largely from a Western perspective for California's largest and highest risk immigrant/resident populations.