Piloting a real-time surface water flood risk mapping service within ResilienceDirect to support local emergency decision-making

在英格兰，准备和应对重大紧急情况的主要责任在于地方应急人员，他们通过地方复原力论坛(LRF，Defra 2013)单独或集体采取行动。ResilienceDirect由内阁办公室于2014年成立，旨在促进LRF之间的数据共享，以应对紧急情况和规划。环境署绘制的全国河流、沿海和地表水洪水风险图提供了有关潜在风险地区的信息。然而，在快速变化和多变的天气条件下，应急服务(如消防和救援；救护车)面临着应对洪水紧急情况的挑战。基于重现期的地表水洪水风险图对于规划是有用的。然而，由于降雨的时空不均一性，它们在洪灾紧急情况下的应用往往受到限制。该项目旨在将高分辨率地表水洪水模型和数值天气预报的最新发展转化为ResilienceDirect平台内的实时街道地表水洪水测绘服务。除地表水测绘外，该项目还将实时制作可及性地图，以辅助应急人员的决策。这将允许从个别紧急服务站(例如，消防和救援；救护车)到易受影响的地方进行评估，以便于进入(例如，旅行时间)。测绘结果将有助于应急人员在潜在洪水事件之前制定应急计划。内阁府、社区和地方政府部、气象局和环境局的中央支持将确保该项目产生更广泛的影响。该项目将在莱斯特郡进行演示，由莱斯特、莱斯特郡和拉特兰复原力论坛及其代表的16个利益攸关方协调。阿特金斯将支持适用性，并将该项目与公司的三个方面的活动联系起来：地表水建模、交通建模和复原力/应急测绘。阿特金斯还将帮助探索项目成果的潜在商业应用。苏格兰交通局将通过了解苏格兰干线公路网上的潜在易受影响地区(PVA)来支持该项目，并与其资产管理系统中已知的洪灾地点保持一致；苏格兰交通局将帮助确定在苏格兰将服务扩展到紧急响应人员之外的范围，以便在苏格兰交通局的运营中用于国家道路基础设施网络。

The primary responsibility for preparing for, and reacting to, major emergency situations in England rests with local emergency responders who act individually or collectively through Local Resilience Forums (LRFs, Defra 2013). ResilienceDirect was set up by Cabinet Office in 2014 to facilitate data sharing amongst LRFs for emergency response and planning. Nationwide fluvial, coastal, and surface water flood risk mapping by the Environment Agency provides information about potential areas at risk. However, emergency services (e.g. Fire & Rescue; Ambulance) face the challenge of responding to flood emergencies under fast changing and dynamic weather conditions. Surface water flood risk maps based on return period are useful for planning purposes. However their utility in flood emergencies is often limited due to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of rainfall. This project aims to translate the recent development in high-resolution surface water flood modelling and numerical weather forecast into a real-time street-level surface water flood mapping service within the ResilienceDirect platform. In addition to surface water mapping, this project will also produce accessibility maps in real-time to assist the decision making of emergency responders. This will allow accessibility (e.g. time to travel) from individual emergency service stations (e.g. Fire & Rescue; Ambulance) to vulnerable places to be evaluated. The mapping results will help contingency planning by emergency responders ahead of potential flood events. Central support from Cabinet Office, the Department for Communities and Local Governments, Met Office and Environment Agency will ensure the wider impact of this project. The project will be demonstrated in Leicestershire, coordinated by the Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland Resilience Forum and the 16 stakeholders it represents. Atkins will support applicability and link the project with three strands of activities in the company: surface water modelling, transportation modelling and resilience/ emergency mapping. Atkins will also help explore potential commercial applications of the project outcomes. Transport Scotland will support the project with knowledge of potential vulnerable areas (PVA) on the trunk road network in Scotland, aligned with known locations of flooding within their asset management system; Transport Scotland will help identify scope for expanding the service in Scotland beyond emergency responders, for utilisation on a national road infrastructure network, within the operations of Traffic Scotland.