FINLAND STUDIES OF NUTRITION AND CANCER

目的：这些病因学研究的目的是评估饮食（包括脂肪、纤维、水果和蔬菜、硒、类黄酮和几种维生素和类胡萝卜素）在乳腺癌、结直肠癌和肺癌中的作用。背景：通过各种研究，饮食和营养在癌症发展中的重要关系已为人们所熟知。实验室研究表明，在各种模型中，各种天然和合成营养素具有抑制癌症的功能，这已被营养摄入、组织水平和癌症发病率的人类流行病学研究所证实。方法：该项目包括两项研究。第一项研究是在芬兰赫尔辛基进行的一项以人群为基础的乳腺癌病例对照研究，该研究使用了修改后的饮食史问卷、人体测量数据和其他生殖问卷数据。被诊断患有良性乳腺疾病的妇女也进行了研究。第二项研究是基于社会保险研究所的一个大型人群队列（n=10,000），具有诊断前基线饮食史和其他风险因素数据。研究进展：队列研究中关于膳食脂肪摄入的结果显示，能量摄入（和膳食脂肪正相关）与乳腺癌风险呈负相关。单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪对这种关联的贡献大于饱和脂肪。在同一项研究中，在不吸烟的男性中，肺癌与摄入水果、类胡萝卜素和维生素E和C之间呈反比梯度。饮食中的视黄醇、硒和吸烟者之间没有关联。从病例对照研究中，对生殖风险因素进行了分析和报告，并支持已建立的风险关联，而饮食和人体测量学分析尚待进行。乳房脂肪组织脂肪酸和微量营养素水平的初步研究表明，在乳房象限或乳房肿瘤附近的组织水平没有差异。-人体实验对象

DISCONTINUED OBJECTIVE: The objectives of these etiologic studies are to assess the role of diet (including fat, fiber, fruits and vegetables, selenium, flavonoids, and several vitamins and carotenoids) in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. BACKGROUND: The important relationship of diet and nutrition in the development of cancer has become well known through various research efforts. Laboratory studies have shown cancer inhibitory function for various natural and synthetic nutrients in various models, which have been corroborated by human epidemiologic studies of nutrient intake, tissue levels, and cancer incidence. METHODS: The project encompasses two studies. The first is a population- based, incident breast cancer case-control study in Helsinki, Finland, that utilized a modified dietary history questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and other reproductive questionnaire data. Women diagnosed with benign breast disease were also studied. The second study is based on a large population-based cohort (n=10,000), through the Social Insurance Institute, with prediagnostic baseline dietary histories and other risk factor data. PROGRESS: Results concerning dietary fat intake have been reported from the cohort study and showed an inverse association between energy intake (and positive association for dietary fat) with breast cancer risk. Mono- and poly-unsaturated fats contributed to the association more than saturated fats. In the same study, inverse gradients were observed between lung cancer and intake of fruits, carotenoids and vitamin E and C in nonsmoking men. No associations were seen for dietary retinol or selenium, or among smokers. From the case-control study, reproductive risk factors have been analyzed and reported, and support established risk associations, while dietary and anthropometric analyses are pending. The pilot study of breast adipose tissue fatty acid and micronutrient levels demonstrated no differences in tissue levels across breast quadrants or by proximity to breast tumors. - Human Subjects