GENETIC AND EXPERIENTIAL INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMATE VOCAL BEHAVIOR

Z 01 HD 01124-09 LCE和一个同伴项目研究灵长类动物从受体到雨林的听觉交流。这些研究的总体目标是从发育、神经机制、相关内分泌因素和社会背景等方面全面了解灵长类动物的听觉交流。两种非人类灵长类物种，松鼠猴和普通绒猴，是主要的研究对象，在合作研究中从更广泛的物种，包括恒河猴和人类收集了额外的数据。本项目从生物声学的角度研究灵长类动物的交流，重点是发声的详细声学结构和结构差异与年龄，性别和经验等个体变量的关系，以及更广泛的社会背景和遗传背景因素。1999财年期间的新发现是：（a）有证据表明，在自由放养的群体中，雄性松鼠猴在前一年我们在NIH的社会群体中观察到的雌性叫声之后产生了相同的发声;（B）作为既定社会群体成员生活的雌性松鼠猴的发声行为强烈依赖于测试环境的物理特征;（c）普通绒猴的婴儿在出生后的第一个月会明显地牙牙学语，但这似乎是大脑发育不成熟的反映，而不是发育的强制性经验阶段;（d）在自然环境和受控环境中经历短暂社会分离的幼年恒河猴的发声行为被发现在叫声速率上是相似的，但不同之处在于，在受控环境中的呼叫行为由长序列的类似发声组成，而在自然环境中的呼叫行为由不同呼叫类型的频繁交替组成。- 行为发育，灵长类，生物声学

Z01 HD 01124-09 LCE and a companion project investigate auditory communication in primates from receptors to the rainforest. The overall goal of these studies is to provide a comprehensive understanding of primate auditory communication in terms of development, neural mechanisms, related endocrine factors, and social context. Two non-human primate species, the squirrel monkey and the common marmoset, are the main subjects of study, with additional data collected in collaborative studies from a wider range of species, including rhesus macaques and humans. The present project studies primate communication from a bioacoustic perspective, focusing on the detailed acoustic structure of vocalizations and the relationship of structural differences to individual variables such as age, gender, and experience, as well as the broader factors of social context and genetic background. New findings during FY99 were (a) evidence that male squirrel monkeys in a free-ranging troop produced the same vocalizations following female calling observed the previous year in our social groups at the NIH; (b) the vocal behavior of female squirrel monkeys living as members of established social groups strongly depends on the physical characteristics of the testing environment; (c) infant common marmosets engage in apparent babbling during the first month of life, but this seems to be a reflection of immature brain development rather than an obligatory experiential stage of development; (d) the vocal behavior of infant rhesus macaques experiencing brief periods of social separation in a naturalistic and a controlled environment was found to be similar in rate of calling, but differed in that the calling behavior in the controlled setting consisted of long sequences of similar vocalizations, whereas the calling behavior in the naturalistic setting consisted of frequent alternation of different call types. - behavioral development, primates, bioacoustics