PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES AND NEURAL MECHANISMS OF VOCAL COMMUNICATION

Z01 HD 01123-09 LCE和Z01 HD 01124-09 LCE是伙伴项目，共同研究灵长类动物从感受器到雨林的听觉交流。这些研究的总体目标是从发育、神经机制、相关内分泌因素和社会背景等方面全面了解灵长类听觉交流。两个非人类灵长类物种，松鼠猴和普通绒猴是主要的研究对象，其他数据是通过合作研究从更广泛的物种收集的，包括恒河猴和人类。该项目先前的工作表明，非人类灵长类动物发出的声音，在功能和结构上等同于人类的哭声，是由位于大脑皮层中线前部的过渡皮质调节的，听觉皮质中的单个神经元件(颞上回)对物种特定发声的声学结构的细微差异特别敏感，这表明在调节个体差异(声音特征)方面发挥了重要作用。1999财年的新发现是：(A)猕猴新生猕猴的颞下皮质损伤导致发声行为改变，早在出生1个月时就很明显，至少持续到第二年；(B)普通绒猴的催乳素水平与婴儿提取试验中的携带时间显著相关，多巴胺激动剂溴隐亭可降低血清催乳素水平，并显著增加找回婴儿的平均潜伏期；(C)将实验性自身免疫性脑炎(EAE)作为研究多发性硬化症(MS)的灵长类动物模型的成年普通绒猴产生典型的发声，这些发声在几个参数上与这些动物在EAE诱导之前发出的phee叫声不同。-灵长类、发声、大脑、神经行为学

Z01 HD 01123-09 LCE and Z01 HD 01124-09 LCE are companion projects that together investigate auditory communication in primates from receptors to the rainforest. The overall goal of these studies is to provide a comprehensive understanding of primate auditory communication in terms of development, neural mechanisms, related endocrine factors, and social context. Two non-human primate species, the squirrel monkey and the common marmoset, are the main subjects of study, with additional data collected in collaborative studies from a wider range of species including rhesus macaques and humans. Prior work in this project has shown that production of sounds of non-human primates that are the functional and structural equivalents of crying in humans is mediated by transitional cortex located along the anterior midline of the cerebral cortex, and that single neural elements in the auditory cortex (superior temporal gyrus) are particularly responsive to subtle differences in the acoustic structure of species-specific vocalizations, suggesting an important role in mediating individual differences (vocal signatures).New findings in FY99 were (a) lesions of the inferior temporal cortex in rhesus macaque neonates results in altered vocal behavior that is evident as early as 1 month of life and persists at least into the second year; (b) prolactin levels in common marmosets were significantly correlated with carrying time in infant retrieval tests, and the dopamine agonist bromocryptine reduced serum levels of prolactin and significantly increased the mean latency to retrieve infants; (c) adult common marmosets with experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) as a primate model for studying multiple sclerosis (MS) produced characteristic phee vocalizations that differed in several parameters from phee calls made by these same animals prior to EAE-induction. - primates, vocalization, brain, neuroethology