Ethnic Differences in Competence and Adolescent Drug Use

描述：(申请人提供) 以学校为基础的药物滥用预防计划，将社会和个人相结合 通过拒绝技能培训来增强能力已被证明可以减少 青少年药物使用。需要病因学研究来阐明 有效预防计划的组成部分是有效的。人们对此知之甚少 解释方式和时间的调解机制和调节因素 能力技能是保护性的，这些机制是否会在 青春期的过程。例如，除了更好地装备 抵制同龄人的影响，有社交能力的年轻人可能会感觉到更少的社交 与人际关系不佳的年轻人相比，吸毒的好处 谈判技巧。具有良好认知和行为自我管理能力的青少年 策略(即个人能力)可能会在发展任务中取得成功 体验一种具有保护性的主控感和心理健康 在涉及毒品方面。因为物质使用率不同于 关于青年的族裔和性别亚群，重要的是确定 基于能力的病因学模型适用于不同的亚组 青少年，特别是在高风险环境中的市中心少数民族青年。一个 建议研究的主要目标是开发、测试和提炼几个 关注社会和个人能力技能和 青少年在青春期过程中的物质使用情况，并检查这些 从7年级到12年级的两个不同样本之间的模型：a 主要是白人，郊区样本(N=3,549)，大部分是少数， 市中心样本(N=2,229)。这将通过辅助数据来实现 两所学校吸毒人群对照调查结果分析 预防试验。这项拟议的研究旨在阐明能力是如何 技能影响药物使用的开始、升级和维持 青春期通过研究中介和调节模型和 跨种族和性别分组进行交叉验证。通过改进我们的 了解吸毒在青春期的发展过程 不同种族/族裔背景的青年，拟议的长期目标 研究是为了为制定有效的预防计划提供信息 种族多样化的人口，并最终降低物质的比率 造成种族/民族健康差异的虐待和成瘾 人口。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) School-based drug abuse prevention programs that combine social and personal competence enhancement with refusal skills training have been shown to reduce adolescent substance use. Etiology research is needed to clarify how the components of effective prevention programs work. Little is known about the mediating mechanisms and moderating factors that explain how and when competence skills are protective and whether these mechanisms change over the course of adolescence. For example, in addition to being better equipped to resist peer influences, socially competent youth may perceive fewer social benefits to engaging in drug use compared to youth with poor interpersonal negotiation skills. Youth with good cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies (i.e., personal competence) may succeed in developmental tasks and experience a sense of mastery and psychological well-being that is protective in terms of drug involvement. Because rates of substance use differ among ethnic and gender subgroups of youth, it is important to determine if competence-based etiological models apply to different subgroups of adolescents, in particular inner-city minority youth in high-nisk settings. A primary aim of the proposed research is to develop, test, and refine several etiologic models that focus on social and personal competence skills and adolescent substance use over the course of adolescence, and to examine these models among two distinct samples from 7th grade through the 12th grade: a predominantly white, suburban sample (N=3,549), and a largely minority, inner-city sample (N=2,229). This will be accomplished through secondary data analysis of control group participants from two school-based drug abuse prevention trials. The proposed research aims to elucidate how competence skills influence the initiation, escalation, and maintenance of drug use during adolescence by examining mediational and moderational models and cross-validating them across ethnic and gender subgroups. By improving our understanding of how drug use develops over the course of adolescence among youth of different racial/ethnic backgrounds, a long-term goal of the proposed research is to inform the development of effective prevention programs for ethnically diverse populations, and ultimately, to reduce rates of substance abuse and addiction that contribute to health disparities among racial/ethnic populations.