Preventing tobacco abuse across cultures

跨文化预防烟草使用研究将为加州最大和最高风险移民人口中的初中和高中青年制定和测试文化相关的烟草使用预防计划。研究1从一项已经在进行的试验开始，评估一项针对加州最大的移民青年人口的中学吸烟预防计划，这些移民青年来自墨西哥、中美洲和南美洲、中国和菲律宾的太平洋沿岸文化。这里提议的研究将增加第五个群体，太平洋岛屿文化的青年，他们在加州青年中吸烟率最高。这项研究还将增加干预措施，以防止高中阶段发展为定期和成瘾性使用，并防止高中时不吸烟的人摄入。该研究将使用各种问卷和生物标志物措施跟踪烟草使用的吸收和进展，并将吸收和计划有效性与文化和文化适应的各个方面联系起来。研究2是在中国武汉进行的一项试验，目的是在相对同质的土著人群中评估一项在预防美国青少年吸烟方面有效的计划。由于中国强烈的亲吸烟规范以及相对较低水平的西方文化影响，这项试验将提供一个严格的测试文化大学的西方为基础的预防计划。这些措施是相同的，并且该研究反映了研究1的实验设计。总之，这些研究将告知程序开发的文化协会与吸烟在异质和同质的设置，并测试一个国家的最先进的程序，主要是从西方的角度为加州的最大和最高风险的移民/居民人口的文化局限性。

The Preventing Tobacco Use Across Culture Study will develop and test culturally relevant tobacco use prevention programs for middle and high school youth of the largest and highest risk immigrant populations in California. Study 1 starts with a trial already underway to assess a middle school smoking prevention program designed for California's largest immigrant youth population, those from the Pacific Rim cultures of Mexico, Central and South American, China, and the Philippines. The study proposed here will add a fifth group, youth of Pacific Island cultures who have the highest rate of smoking among youth in California. This study will also add interventions to prevent progression to regular and addictive use at the high school level, and prevent uptake among those who reached high school without smoking. The study will track tobacco use uptake and progression through grade 11 using a variety of questionnaire and bio-marker measures, and relate uptake and program effectiveness to various dimensions of culture and acculturation. Study 2 is a trial in Wuhan, China to assess in a relatively homogenous indigenous population a program found to be effective in preventing smoking among American youth. Because of the strong pro-smoking norms in China together with relatively low levels of western influence in the culture, this trial will provide a rigorous test of the cultural university of a western-based prevention program. The measures are the same, and the study mirrors the experimental design of study 1. Together these studies will inform program development of cultural associations with smoking in both heterogeneous and homogeneous settings, and test the cultural limitations of a state of the art program developed largely from a Western perspective for California's largest and highest risk immigrant/resident populations.