FELS EARLY NUTRITION, GROWTH, & BREAST CANCER RISK FACTO

目的：本项目调查儿童营养与乳腺癌危险因素的关系，包括月经初潮年龄、成人身高、体重和肥胖。次要目标包括跟踪肥胖从出生到成年的发展，确定饮食对儿童和成人肥胖发展的贡献，并探索追溯儿童饮食评估的可行性。背景：月经初潮早期以及肥胖、体重增加和身高与乳腺癌和其他癌症的风险增加有关。儿童和成年期间卡路里摄入量超过需要量被认为是肥胖的主要原因，并被认为是导致下丘脑-性腺成熟和月经初潮的时间，以及任何给定的遗传身高易感性导致更高的身体高度。确定关键时期和高风险饮食将有助于乳腺癌预防策略。方法：对106名女性受试者进行一系列儿童饮食日记、人体测量数据(包括身高、体重、皮褶厚度)和人口学特征的检索。可评估的营养素包括总能量、脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物、饱和脂肪、多不饱和脂肪和单不饱和脂肪；胆固醇；膳食纤维；以及维生素和矿物质(来自食物和补充来源)。进展：饮食数据已经编码，并与106名女孩的人体测量学(从童年到成年期)和月经初潮数据联系在一起。分析显示了食物摄入量随着生长和发育的预期趋势(例如，随着年龄的增长，能量、蛋白质和脂肪的摄入量增加)。月经初潮年龄与儿童时期的能量和绝对脂肪摄入量呈负相关，但与来自脂肪的卡路里比例无关。将详细分析不同年龄和月经初潮年龄的饮食和人体测量(包括肥胖)之间的相互关系。35名现已成年的女孩完成了两份食物频率问卷，询问她们在高中期间的饮食摄入量，这些数据将与她们青春期的饮食进行比较，以评估这种远程回忆的可行性。

OBJECTIVE: This project investigates the relationship between childhood nutrition and breast cancer risk factors, including age at menarche, adult height, weight, and fatness. Secondary objectives include tracking the development of obesity from birth through young adulthood, to identify the contribution of diet to the development of childhood and adult obesity, and to explore the feasibility of retrospective childhood dietary assessment. Background: Early age at menarche, as well as obesity, weight gain, and tallness are associated with increased risk of breast and other cancers. Caloric intake in excess of requirements during childhood and adulthood is considered the primary cause of obesity, and believed to contribute to the timing of hypothalamic-gonadal maturation and menarche and to greater body height for any given hereditary predisposition of stature. Identification of critical periods and high-risk diets would be useful to breast cancer prevention strategies. METHODS: Serial childhood dietary diary records, anthropometric data (including height, weight, skinfold thickness) and demographic characteristics available from the Fels Study within the Division of Human Biology of the Wright State School of Medicine were retrieved for 106 female participants. Evaluable nutrients include total energy, fat, protein, and carbohydrate, saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fat; cholesterol; dietary fiber; and vitamins and minerals (from food and supplementary sources). PROGRESS: Dietary data have been coded and linked with the anthropometric (childhood through adulthood) and menarche data for the 106 girls. Analysis shows the expected trends in food intake with growth and development (e.g., increasing energy, protein, and fat intake with age). Age at menarche is inversely associated with both energy and absolute fat intake in childhood, but not with percent of calories from fat. The interrelationships between diet and anthropometry (including obesity) at various ages and age at menarche will be analyzed in detail. A subsample of 35 girls, now adults, completed two food frequency questionnaires that asked about their dietary intake during high school, and these data will be compared to their adolescent diets to assess the feasibility of such remote recall.