Energy expenditure and food intake in body weight

该项目的主要目的是研究人类能量消耗和能量摄入的调节，并确定儿童和成人体重增加的代谢风险因素。为了评估静息能量消耗，我们使用间接热量测定法（代谢车和呼吸室）。为了评估自由生活条件下的能量消耗，我们使用了双重标记的水。为了评估能量摄入和饮食行为，我们使用食物频率问卷，自动售货机和味觉测试。为了确定味觉/饥饿/饱食的神经解剖学相关性，我们使用正电子发射断层扫描。在过去一年，我们有： a）完成了对200名10岁的皮马印第安儿童的5年随访，并确定了儿童期肥胖的几个代谢危险因素; B）研究了70对双胞胎，并获得了关于体力活动导致的能量消耗的遗传性的初步证据; c）在300多名成年皮马人中确定了与较低能量消耗相关的脑受体的第一个突变; d）确定并公布了第一张人类大脑对 在11个瘦个体中发现味觉/饥饿/饱足; d）在11个肥胖个体中发现对饱足的不同脑反应。

The main aim of this projects is to study the regulation of energy expenditure and energy intake in humans and identify metabolic risk factors of weight gain in children and adults. To assess resting energy expenditure we use indirect calorimetry (metabolic carts and respiratory chamber). To assess energy expenditure in free-living condition we use doubly labeled water. To assess energy intake and eating behaviors we use food frequency questionnaires, vending machines, and taste tests. To determine the neuroanatomical correlates of taste/hunger/satiation we use positron emission tomography. In the past year we have: a)completed the 5-y follow up of 200 10 y old Pima Indian children and identified several metabolic risk factors of obesity in childhood; b)studied 70 pairs of twins and obtained preliminary evidence on the heritability of energy expenditure due to physical activity; c)identified the first mutation of a brain receptor associated with lower energy expenditure in over 300 adult Pimas; d)identified and published the first map of the human brain responses to taste/hunger/satiation in 11 lean individuals; d)dicovered differential brain responses to satiation in 11 obese individuals.