CANCER GENE THERAPY IN MURINE MODELS USING CELLULAR IL-10--VECTORS/AUTOIMMUNITY

IL-10最初被鉴定为细胞因子合成抑制因子 (CSIF)影响几种细胞因子。自那以后，人们发现它有 多种作用，主要包括抑制CTL活性 通过抑制单核细胞功能，即减少 MHC II类抗原和单核细胞的分泌。因此，IL-10具有 被认为主要是作为免疫抑制细胞因子发挥作用。 然而，最近的体外和体内研究表明，细胞内的IL-10 (CIL-10，鼠IL-10或人IL-10)主要表现为 体内免疫刺激作用。特别是，这似乎是 CIL-10促进抗肿瘤免疫的小鼠肿瘤模型1例 当局部IL-10浓度较高时的反应性 全身或局部给药方法(通过基因转染法)。 相比之下，在体内观察到了免疫抑制作用。 评估CIL-10病毒同源物本地递送的系统 (病毒IL-10，VIL-10)，存在于Bam H1摘要(BCRF1)中 EB病毒(EBV)中的序列，并与另一个序列同源 马疱疹病毒基因组中的序列。这些发现表明 VIL-10主要具有免疫抑制活性，而 CIL-10的生物学特性更为复杂。有趣的是，CIL-10政府已经 据报道加速(或其抑制)发病 自身免疫性疾病。迄今为止定义的人类“肿瘤”抗原 (酪氨酸酶、HER-1/neu、MAGE-1、gp100和Mart-1)实际上是 自身抗原，因为它们也在正常组织中表达，而不是 似乎含有突变。因此，促进区域合作的手段 对肿瘤的自身免疫，如高水平的CIL-10在 肿瘤部位，似乎代表了一种合理的方法，就像癌症一样 免疫疗法。我们提出以下建议：具体目标；目标I.审查 局部分泌CIL-10的体内抗肿瘤作用。AIM II.至 明确CIL-10(和VIL-10)调节抗肿瘤作用的机制 豁免权。目标三.开发改进的逆转录病毒载体系统，使 较高水平表达CIL-10。

IL-10 was initially identified as a cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF) affecting several cytokines. It has since been found to have multiple effects including the inhibition of CTL activity primarily through inhibition of monocyte function, i.e. reducing the expression of MHC class II antigens and the secretion of monokines. Thus, IL-10 has been thought to function primarily as an immuno-suppressive cytokine. However, recent studies in vitro and in vivo suggest that cellular IL-10 (cIL-10, either murine IL-10 or human IL-10) exhibits predominantly immunostimulatory effects in vivo. In particular, this appears to be the case in murine tumor models where cIL-10 promotes anti-tumor immune reactivity when high local concentrations of IL-10 can be achieved using either systemic or local delivery methodologies (via gene transfection). In contrast, immunosuppressive effects have been observed in in vivo systems evaluating the local delivery of the viral homologue of cIL-10 (viral IL-10, vIL-10) which exists within the Bam H1 digest (BCRF1) sequence in the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and exhibits homology to another sequence in the equine herpes virus (EHV) genome. These findings suggest the vIL-10 possesses predominantly immunosuppressive activity, whereas cIL-10 biology is more complex. Interestingly, cIL-10 administration has been reported to accelerate (or its inhibition delays) the onset of autoimmune disease. The human "tumor" antigens defined to date (tyrosinase, Her-1/neu, MAGE-1, gp100 and MART-1) are in fact autoantigens, since they are also expressed in normal tissue and not appear to contain mutations. Thus, means to promote locoregional autoimmunity to tumor, such as expression of high levels of cIL-10 at the tumor site, seem to represent a reasonable approach as in cancer immunotherapy. We propose the following: Specific Aims; Aim I. To examine the in vivo anti-tumor effects of local secretion of cIL-10. Aim II. To define the mechanisms by which cIL-10 (and vIL-10) modulates anti-tumor immunity. Aim III. To develop improved retroviral vector systems allowing for higher level expression of cIL-10.