Vestibular Regulation of Respiratory Muscle Activity

描述：(申请人提供) 一些实验方法表明，前庭系统 影响呼吸“泵”肌的活动，特别是上半身 呼吸道肌肉。在目前提供资金的赠款的任期内， 前庭输入改变了两个横隔膜的静息活动 和腹部肌肉，并减少腹部肌肉活动的变化 通常发生在姿势改变时。此外，实验 利用伪狂犬病病毒的跨神经元运输证明 除呼吸组的细胞外，延髓内侧的神经元 网状结构为各种呼吸运动神经元提供输入。我们 建议通过检验以下一般假设来扩展这项工作：Medial 全脑接受前庭输入的延髓网状结构神经元 调节两种特殊的上呼吸道呼吸肌的兴奋性 和呼吸泵肌肉在姿势变化期间。此外，我们还将 探讨电刺激观察的生理学意义 接受前庭输入的小脑区域改变呼吸 活动。提出了四个具体目标。第一个具体目标是 确定移除前庭输入是否改变自发活动和 清醒动物上呼吸道肌肉倾斜相关反应。 第二个具体目标是确定常见的抑制性中间体 网状结构神经元为支配上半部的运动神经元提供输入 呼吸道和呼吸泵肌肉。第三个具体目标将确立 延髓内侧网状结构神经元是否有适当的反应 前庭刺激以调节前庭呼吸反射。第四次 特定的目标将决定是否对已知的小脑区进行消融 受刺激时改变呼吸活动会影响自发活动和 清醒动物对呼吸泵肌肉倾斜的反应。总而言之， 这些实验将扩展关于生理学的知识 前庭对呼吸调节的影响的意义，也将 阐明延髓内侧网状结构在生产中的作用 这些回应。这些发现可能与人类有关，作为一种缺陷 在前庭-呼吸反应中可能导致 体位改变时的呼吸调节，并可能有助于 鼾症和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) Several experimental approaches have indicated that the vestibular system influences activity of respiratory "pump" muscles as well as particular upper airway muscles. During the tenure of the currently-funded grant, removal of vestibular inputs was shown to alter the resting activity of both the diaphragm and abdominal musculature, and to diminish changes in abdominal muscle activity that ordinarily occur during postural alterations. Furthermore, experiments employing the transneuronal transport of pseudorabies virus demonstrated that in addition to cells in the respiratory groups, neurons in the medial medullary reticular formation provide inputs to a variety of respiratory motoneurons. We propose to extend this work by testing the following general hypothesis: medial medullary reticular formation neurons that receive vestibular inputs globally modulate the excitability of both particular upper airway respiratory muscles and respiratory pump muscles during postural changes. Furthermore, we will explore the physiological significance of the observation that stimulation of regions of the cerebellum that receive vestibular inputs alters respiratory activity. Four specific aims are proposed. The first specific aim will determine whether removal of vestibular inputs alters spontaneous activity and tilt-related responses of upper airway respiratory muscles in awake animals. The second specific aim will ascertain whether common inhibitory medial reticular formation neurons provide inputs to motoneurons innervating upper airway and respiratory pump muscles. The third specific aim will establish whether medial medullary reticular formation neurons have appropriate responses to vestibular stimulation to mediate vestibulorespiratory reflexes. The fourth specific aim will determine whether ablation of cerebellar regions known to alter respiratory activity when stimulated will affect spontaneous activity and responses to tilt of respiratory pump muscles in awake animals. In combination, these experiments will extend knowledge concerning the physiological significance of vestibular influences on respiratory regulation, and will also elucidate the role of the medial medullary reticular formation in producing these responses. These findings may have relevance to humans, as a deficiency in vestibulo-respiratory responses could result in an insufficiency of respiratory adjustments during changes in posture, and could contribute to snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.