VESTIBULAR INFLUENCES ON THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

描述：（改编自研究者摘要）过去的研究 十年来已经证明，前庭系统影响的控制， 血压，在人类和动物模型中。的影响 前庭系统对心血管的控制主要通过 自主神经系统的交感神经分支。外周前庭 已经显示损伤降低了快速和准确地 在改变姿势时进行必要的心血管调整。因此， 前庭-心血管影响的作用似乎引起了 血液在体内的分布，以维持稳定的血压 在运动过程中。然而，在以下情况下纠正血压的缺陷 前庭病变随着时间的推移而减少，并且当 提供关于空间中的身体位置的非模糊感觉提示; 这些观察结果表明， 反射是可塑性的。目前的补助金重点是 探索由心血管反应引起的适应性可塑性 中枢前庭系统特别是小脑可能在 在适应这些反应将被审查，以及可能性， 中枢前庭系统的非神经性输入可能是重要的 在运动中控制血压。 在本申请中提出了三个具体目标。在第一个目标中， 小脑后蚓部在调节 将探索前庭-心血管反应。的这个区域 前庭小脑，包括悬雍垂和部分结节， 在许多研究中表明，参与血液调节 压力因为这个小脑区域有广泛的投射， 前庭神经核介导前庭交感神经反应， 参与前庭眼反射的可塑性变化， 悬雍垂和结节调节前庭对心血管的影响， 调控第二个具体目标将确定 前庭神经核的非肾上腺素输入，并将探讨的作用， 这些信号在调节前庭核神经元的活动中， 前庭病变。第三个具体目标将决定是否 前庭神经核的非肾上腺素输入有能力引起 身体旋转时的代偿性血压变化。 通过了解心血管调节的机制， 在运动和姿势变化期间，治疗策略可能是 开发用于缓解中枢神经系统或 周围前庭病变和宇航员，谁是已知患有 太空飞行后姿势相关性低血压

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) Research over the past decade has demonstrated that the vestibular system influences the control of blood pressure, both in humans and in animal models. The effects of the vestibular system on cardiovascular control are mainly mediated through the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Peripheral vestibular lesions have been shown to diminish the capability to rapidly and accurately make necessary cardiovascular adjustments during changes in posture. Thus, one role of vestibulo-cardiovascular influences appears to be eliciting changes in blood distribution in the body so that stable blood pressure is maintained during movement. However, deficits in correcting blood pressure following vestibular lesions diminish over time, and are less severe when non-labyrinthine sensory cues regarding body position in space are provided; these observations show that pathways that mediate vestibulo-sympathetic reflexes are subject to plasticity. The focus of the current grant is to explore the adaptive plasticity in cardiovascular responses elicited by the central vestibular system. In particular, the role that the cerebellum may play in adaptation of these responses will be examined, as well as the possibility that nonlabyrinthine inputs to the central vestibular system may be important in controlling blood pressure during movement. Three specific aims are proposed in the current application. In the first aim, the role of the posterior cerebellar vermis in modulating vestibulo-cardiovascular responses will be explored. This region of the vestibulo-cerebellum, which includes the uvula and parts of the nodulus, has been shown in numerous studies to participate in the regulation of blood pressure. Because this cerebellar region has extensive projections to areas of the vestibular nuclei that mediate vestibulo-sympathetic responses and is known to participate in plastic changes in vestibulo-ocular reflexes, it seems likely that the uvula and nodulus modulate vestibular influences on cardiovascular regulation. The second specific aim will determine the sources of non-labyrinthine inputs to the vestibular nuclei, and will explore the role of these signals in modulating activity of vestibular nucleus neurons following vestibular lesions. The third specific aim will determine whether nonlabyrinthine inputs to the vestibular nuclei have the capacity to elicit compensatory blood pressure changes during body rotations. By understanding the mechanisms through which cardiovascular adjustments are made during movement and changes in posture, therapeutic strategies may be developed to alleviate autonomic problems in patients with central or peripheral vestibular lesions and in astronauts, who are known to suffer from postural-related hypotension following spaceflight.