Human Health Effects Of Exposure To Organochlorine Compo

目标：持久性卤化有机污染物（例如，滴滴涕、多氯联苯[多氯联苯]、二恶英）在公共卫生中需要特别关注，因为它们在生态系统中无处不在，在本底水平的接触下，通过饮食可能对人类健康造成不利影响。我们正在进行几项关于接触有机氯对人体健康影响的研究。成就：我们发现，子宫内DDE暴露与隐睾、尿道下裂和多尿道的适度增加有关，尽管这些结果都没有统计学意义。我们没有发现在子宫内的PCB暴露与任何神经发育的结果，我们已经检查。到目前为止，最值得注意的发现是，孕妇怀孕DDE水平与早产和出生小于胎龄儿的风险增加有关。与母亲血清DDE水平<15 mg/L（最低20%）的男孩相比，母亲血清DDE水平≥ 60 mg/L（最高~5%）的男孩早产校正比值比为3.1，小于胎龄儿校正比值比为2.6。存在剂量-反应关系，趋势检验具有统计学显著性。一份报告正在印刷中。DDE和小尺寸之间的关系持续到7岁，即使在调整出生尺寸后。PCB。我们发现子宫内PCB暴露与新生儿甲状腺激素水平之间基本上没有关系。然而，我们发现PCB水平与孕妇糖尿病有关。TCDD。我们发现TCDD水平与2型糖尿病患病率之间存在相关性。在我们的分析中，50%具有最高TCDD水平的人群患糖尿病的风险比那些水平在底部25%的人群增加了约80%。我们的发现在医学研究所的一份报告中得到了突出的报道。乳腺癌研究。研究已完成，数据已清理和编辑。我们将试图解决为什么非裔美国人，而不是白人，将在多氯联苯的风险增加。PCB暴露比较研究。我们发现，10项研究中有8项的暴露范围是可比的。其余两项研究的中位接触水平分别约为典型水平的3倍和一半。多氯联苯和神经发育的研究结果的变化似乎是由于暴露水平以外的因素。

Aims: Persistent halogenated organic pollutants (e.g., DDT, PCBs [polychlorinated biphenyls], dioxin) command special attention in public health because they are ubiquitous in the ecosystem and may be causing adverse human health effects at background levels of exposure, via diet. We are conducting several studies of the human health effects of background exposure to organochlorines. Accomplishments: We found that in utero DDE exposure was associated with a modest increase in cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and polythelia, though none of the results were statistically significant. We find no association of in utero PCB exposure with any of the neurodevelopmental outcomes that we have examined. The most notable finding so far has been that maternal pregnancy DDE levels were associated with increased risk of preterm birth and being born small-for-gestational-age. Compared with boys whose mother had a serum DDE level of < 15 mg/L (the lowest 20%), those whose mother had a serum level of 60 mg/L or more (the highest ~5%) had an adjusted odds ratio for preterm birth of 3.1, and an adjusted odds ratio for small-for-gestational-age of 2.6. Dose-response relations were present and trend tests were statistically significant. A report is in press. The relation between DDE and small size persisted at 7 years of age, even after adjustment for birth size. PCBs. We found essentially no relation between in utero PCB exposure and thyroid hormone levels in neonates. We found, however, an association of PCB levels with diabetes among pregnant women. TCDD. We found an association between TCDD level and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. In our analysis the 50% of the population with the highest TCDD levels had a risk of diabetes that was increased by about 80% compared to those with level in the bottom 25th percentile. Our findings were prominently featured in an Institute of Medicine report. Breast Cancer Study. The study is completed, and the data have been cleaned and edited. We will attempt to address why African-Americans, but not whites, would be at increased risk from PCBs . PCB Exposure Comparison Study. We found that the range of exposure was comparable in eight out of the ten studies. The median exposure level in the two remaining studies was about 3 times higher, and half as high, respectively, of the typical level. Variation in results on PCBs and neurodevelopment across studies appears to be due to factors other than the exposure levels.