The Iron Age to Roman Transition in Britain from the Perspective of Coin Hoards

铁器时代的硬币仍然鲜为人知：它们结合了货币的各个方面，因为它们具有标准化的重量和金属成分；它们展示了复杂和本地化的图像；它们以谨慎的方式储存，很可能是广泛的“祭祀”经济的一部分。这项建议考察了最后一个方面，重点是在英国铁器时代晚期(凯尔特人)向罗马人过渡的重大文化变革时期存放的囤积物。这将利用莱斯特和牛津在对铁器时代硬币的考古解释(莱斯特)、罗马硬币和囤积(牛津)以及铁器时代和早期罗马社会的发展(莱斯特和牛津)方面的综合专业知识。利用阿什莫尔人通过罗马帝国计划和凯尔特硬币指数(牛津考古研究所)持有的数据有巨大的潜力。前者将提供收集和分析囤积数据的工具，后者将为硬币建立一个新的数字平台，为硬币提供一个有联系的开放数据分类，以便利对单一发现的分析和数据进行比较。数据亦会从“可移植古物计划”的网上资料库中抽取。到目前为止，英国的研究还没有跨越铁器时代和罗马的边界，当时有很多明显的变化，但在这个边界上，也有令人惊讶的实践和文化的连续性。这篇论文将探讨重大的历史问题。这些包括囤积能在多大程度上阐明：-铁器时代社会祭祀经济的性质及其对人类和宇宙力量的影响-罗马世俗活动如何，包括军事活动、补给路线、基地、道路和“Civitas首都”(城镇)的创建，以及神殿和寺庙的新宗教结构如何影响沉积-罗马硬币在市场经济和货币经济中运行，可能不同于铁器时代晚期。硬币囤积的做法既有连续性，也有差异吗？--在整个过渡期间，地区偏好在多大程度上持续存在--囤积与单一硬币的景观和考古背景有何关联，无论是考古还是金属探测器发现--英国和高卢应对罗马征服的方式的异同--人们现在如何应对罗马帝国内部的中央集权货币变化--我们的提议是别有用心的。在英国，铁器时代货币学专业知识的机构基础比我们一生中的任何时候都要稀少。特别是，该领域缺乏更年轻的学者，这是危险的。一个潜在的目标是利用我们的综合专业知识来培养下一代潜在的关键成员，以确保该领域的连续性，其国家意义从其古老的称谓--“古代英国硬币”--中可见一斑。

Iron Age coins are still poorly understood: they combine aspects of money as they have standardized weight and metal composition; they exhibit complex and localized iconography; they are deposited in a careful ways, probably as part of a broad 'sacrificial' economy. This proposal examines this last aspect, focusing on hoards deposited in a time of major cultural change , the late Iron Age ("Celtic") to Roman transition in Britain. This will draw on the combined expertise of Leicester and Oxford in the archaeological interpretation of Iron Age coinage (Leicester), in Roman coinage and hoarding (Oxford), and in developments in Iron Age and early Roman societies (Leicester and Oxford). There is huge potential to exploit data held by the Ashmolean through The Coin Hoards of the Roman Empire Project and by the Celtic Coin Index (Institute of Archaeology, Oxford). The former will provide the vehicle for gathering and analysing hoard data, the latter, for which a new digital platform is being created, will provide a linked-open-data classification for the coinage to facilitate analysis and data on single finds for comparison. Data will also be drawn from the online database of the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Research to date has not worked across the Iron Age-Roman boundary in Britain, when much obviously changes, but over which there were also surprising continuities of practice and culture. The thesis will address major historical questions. These include the extent to which hoarding can illuminate: - the nature of the sacrificial economy in Iron Age societies and its implications for human and cosmological power - how Roman secular activity, including military activity, supply routes, and bases, roads, and the creation of "civitas capitals" (towns), but also new religious structures in shrines and temples, influenced deposition - Roman coins operated within a market and monetary economy, probably different to that of the late Iron Age. Are there continuities of practice in coin hoards, as well as differences? - the extent to which regional preferences persisted throughout the transition - how hoarding relates to the landscape and archaeological context of single coins, both archaeological and metal detector finds - the similarities and differences in how Britain and Gaul responded to Roman conquest - how people now reacted to centralized monetary change within the Roman Empire Our proposal has an ulterior motive. The institutional base of expertise in Iron-Age Numismatics in Britain is thinner than at any point in our lifetimes. In particular there is a dangerous lack of younger scholars in the field. An underlying objective is to use our combined expertise to train up a potentially key member of the next generation to ensure continuity in the field, the national significance of which is clear from its old appellation, "Ancient British Coinage".