Environment and Cognitive/Neuropsychological Processes

该项目涉及应用SSES方法论研究基本认知和神经心理过程及其环境调节。这项研究的主要重点是继续和扩大与Jordan Grafman博士（NINDS首席认知神经科学部门）的长期合作，重点是纵向越南头部损伤研究（VHIS）。除了与Grafman博士的这项工作外，我们还完成了对SSES认知心理实验数据的分析和报告，这些实验是在我们停止进行此类实验之前进行的，涉及正常和异常人群。今年，在我们与Grafman博士的合作中，我们使用结构方程模型技术将头部受伤的越南退伍军人根据他们的脑损伤模式分类为统计上一致的组。今年，我们还使用结构方程模型来研究头部受伤的退伍军人和匹配的正常对照的认知能力的因子结构。我们还与Grafman博士的小组合作开展了一项调查，他的小组目前正在调查退伍军人头部受伤的性质与社会结构决定的环境条件如何影响心理和社会心理功能之间的相互作用。其他的分析，今年进行的数据收集的部分从正常和精神分裂症的个人，集中在不同的任务相关性的不同定义的影响，从不同的理论模型，前额叶皮层如何处理潜在的干扰刺激，在保持选择性注意。

This project involves the application of the SSES methodological approach to the study of basic cognitive and neuropsychological processes and their modulation by the environment. The primary focus of this research is the continuation and expansion of a longstanding collaboration with Dr. Jordan Grafman (Chief Cognitive Neuroscience Section NINDS) centering on the longitudinal Vietnam Head Injury Study (VHIS). Besides this work with Dr. Grafman, we are also completing analyses and reports of data from SSES cognitive psychological experiments on both normal and abnormal populations, carried out before we stopped conducting such experiments. This year, in our collaboration with Dr. Grafman, we used Structural Equation Modeling techniques to categorize the head injured Vietnam veterans into statistically coherent groups based on the patterns of their brain injuries. This year, we also used structural equation modeling to investigate the factorial structure of cognitive ability in the head injured veterans and matched normal controls. We also collaborated with Dr. Grafman's group in the development of a survey with which his group is currently investigating the interactions between the nature of the veterans' head injuries and how social structurally determined environmental conditions affect psychological and psychosocial functioning. Other analyses, carried out this year on data previously collected by the section from normal and schizophrenic individuals, focus on the implications of different definitions of task-relevance from different theoretical models of how the pre-frontal cortex deals with potentially interfering stimuli in maintaining selective attention.