ANATOMICAL BASIS OF EMOTION

在目前的资助期间，我们专注于从视觉刺激(主要是情绪的面部表情)中识别情绪，以及主要情绪(快乐、惊讶、恐惧、愤怒、厌恶和悲伤)。在此基础上，我们建议深入探讨情绪加工的两个未阐明和难以捉摸的方面，即设定(情绪表达)和感觉(情绪体验)，同时继续更详细地研究情绪识别。我们还计划扩大调查范围，将社会情绪纳入调查范围。我们将测试一系列具体的假设来解决以下关键问题：(A)负责处理不同主要情绪(例如，快乐和厌恶)的神经解剖系统是什么？(B)是否有可识别的神经系统负责处理不同的社会情绪(例如，骄傲、内疚)？(C)显性和隐性情绪处理在多大程度上依赖不同的神经解剖系统？该项目的最终目标是维护和扩展该计划中与情绪障碍有关的患者登记处的组成部分。我们的方法依赖于假设驱动的研究对象组的局灶性脑损伤，使用最先进的神经解剖学和神经心理学方法。该计划新阶段的理由有三个。首先，情绪是神经生物学的一个中心方面。如果不考虑情绪的作用，就不可能对思维和大脑过程有一个全面的了解。其次，大脑功能障碍导致的情绪障碍在日常生活中会产生毁灭性的后果，从个人层面的痛苦延伸到重大的社会负担。第三，作为神经生物学的一个主题，对情绪的研究已经落后，而且直到最近才被系统地探索。我们认为，将人类情绪的研究带入主流神经科学是一个高度优先的问题，而损毁方法可以为功能成像和电生理方法所做的贡献提供独特的补充。拟议中的研究结果将有助于改善神经和精神疾病的诊断和治疗，在这些疾病中，情绪障碍是突出的问题。

During the current funding period we have concentrated on the recognition of emotion from visually presented stimuli (mostly facial expressions of emotion), and on primary emotions (happiness, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, and sadness). Building on this foundation, we now propose an in-depth exploration of two unelucidated and elusive aspects of emotion processing, enactment (expression of emotion) and feeling (experience of emotion), while continuing the investigation of emotion recognition in greater detail. We also plan to enlarge the scope of our investigations, to include social emotions. We will test a series of specific hypotheses to address the following key questions: (a) What are the neuroanatomical systems responsible for processing different primary emotions (e.g., happiness, disgust)? (b) Are there identifiable neural systems responsible for processing different social emotions (e.g., pride, guilt)? (c) To what extent do overt and covert emotional processing draw on different neuroanatomical systems? A final aim of this project is to maintain and expand the component of the Program's Patient Registry concerned with disorders of emotion. Our approach relies on the hypothesis-driven investigation of groups of subjects with focal brain damage, using state-of-the-art neuroanatomical and neuropsychological methods. The rationale for the new phase of the program is threefold. First, emotion is a central aspect of neurobiology. It is not possible to have a comprehensive understanding of mind and brain processes without factoring in the role of emotion. Second, the impairments of emotion which follow brain dysfunction have devastating consequences in everyday life, extending from suffering at the personal level to major social burdens. Third, the investigation of emotion has lagged behind as a theme in neurobiology, and is only recently being explored in a systematic fashion. We believe that bringing the study of human emotion into mainstream neuroscience is a high priority, and that the lesion method can add uniquely to contributions made by functional imaging and electrophysiological approaches. The findings from the proposed studies will help improve diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases in which impairments of emotion figure prominently.