Project 5 - The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making: Social Inference and Context

项目5.项目总结 项目5将对前额叶有局灶性损害的人进行行为和功能磁共振研究 皮质，从爱荷华大学的病变登记处招募。这是我们目前Conte的一个主要扩展 中锋，并在爱荷华州分包给派·丹尼尔·特拉内尔。它的三个目标集中在解离基础上 决策系统(与我们目前Conte中心的项目1继续)，社会推理研究 (与更新项目2目标1下的任务相同)，功能磁共振研究探索性补偿加工。 鉴于与其他项目的紧密联系，它还包括来自其他项目的几个PI(Adolphs， O‘Doherty)以及共享的博士后。 项目5的总体目标是使用损伤方法来调查 前额叶皮质的特定区域，这是对社会决策最重要的大脑区域。我们是 对PFC的内侧区域特别感兴趣，众所周知，这些区域对于代表价值和社会至关重要 推理，以及在背外侧前额叶皮质，已知对上下文依赖的调节是重要的。多么 对这些地区的破坏可能会使社会决策过程的特定组成部分失去联系，更不用说 它如何通过保留完好的网络组件进行补偿处理，在很大程度上是 未被开发的。这将是对该孔特中心下所有其他研究的至关重要的补充，因为它 为了解大脑区域的必要作用提供了一个窗口。 目的1集中于腹内侧额叶皮质在目标导向或基于习惯的控制中的作用。 乐器选择。我们将建立在强大的试点数据的基础上，该数据首次在人类身上表明，vmPFC 对于目标导向的选择是必不可少的，但不是基于习惯的选择。目标2将使用开发的全部任务 在项目2的目标1下，探索前额叶皮质在社会推理中的必要作用。这项任务 电池探测对社交或非社交刺激的推断，作为认知负荷的函数，对面部 表情或手势等因素。最后，目标3将分析目标1和目标2下已完成的任务 在功能磁共振实验中，检查负责可能的补偿性任务表现的神经区域。 这项研究将在30名额叶皮质局灶性慢性损害患者中进行 其他地方有病变的受试者，以及30名健康对照受试者，使用基于ROI和 基于体素的病变标测。我们将专门查询的一些ROI是从fMRI生成的ROI 项目1、2和3中的研究：那些功能磁共振研究告诉我们健康大脑中哪些区域被激活，但只有 项目5可以告诉我们，这些地区的破坏是否也会损害社会推理和决策- 做表演。

Project 5. Project Summary. Project 5 will conduct behavioral and fMRI studies in people who have focal lesions to the prefrontal cortex, recruited from the lesion registry at the University of Iowa. It is a major extension of our current Conte Center, and has a subcontract to PI Daniel Tranel at Iowa. Its three Aims focus on dissociation of basic decision-making systems (continuous with Project 1 in our current Conte Center), studies of social inference (the same tasks as under the renewal Project 2, Aim 1), and fMRI studies probing compensatory processing. Given the strong links to other Projects, it also includes as personnel several PIs from other Projects (Adolphs, O'Doherty) as well as shared post-docs. The overarching goal of Project 5 is to use the lesion method to investigate the necessary role of specific sectors of the prefrontal cortex, the brain region most important for social decision-making. We are particularly interested in medial regions of the PFC, known to be critical for representing value and social inference, and in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, known to be important for context-dependent regulation. How damage to these regions may dissociate specific components of the social decision-making process, let alone how it may engage compensatory processing through remaining intact network components, is largely unexplored. This will be a crucially important complement to all other studies under this Conte Center, since it provides a window into the necessary role of brain regions. Aim 1 focuses on the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in goal-directed or habit-based control in instrumental choice. We will build on strong pilot data that shows, for the first time in humans, that the vmPFC is essential for goal-directed, but not habit-based choice. Aim 2 will use the full battery of tasks developed under Aim 1 of Project 2 to probe the necessary role of the prefrontal cortex in social inference. This task battery probes inferences made to social or nonsocial stimuli, as a function of cognitive load, to facial expressions or hand actions, and other factors. Finally, Aim 3 will analyze the tasks under Aims 1 and 2 done in fMRI experiments, to examine the neural regions responsible for possible compensatory task performances. The studies will be executed in 30 patients with focal, chronic lesions to the prefrontal cortex, 30 subjects with lesions elsewhere, and 30 healthy comparison subjects, using a combination of ROI-based and voxel-based lesion mapping. Some of the ROIs we will specifically query are those generated from the fMRI studies in Projects 1, 2 and 3: those fMRI studies tell us which regions are activated in healthy brains, but only Project 5 can tell us if damage within those same regions also compromises social inference and decision- making performances.