Improvements in 3D Visualization for Vision Research

描述（申请人提供）：三维计算机图形学在视觉空间感知的基础研究和虚拟现实等众多应用中发挥着关键作用。3d图形的目标是在数字显示屏上创建显示，产生与真实3d场景本身相同的2d视网膜图像。这可以通过在显示器屏幕上显示两幅图像来实现，每只眼睛一个。由此产生的3d印象可能非常引人注目。然而，由此产生的感知往往与真实场景和物体所获得的感知不同。部分（如果不是全部的话）问题可以归因于不恰当的屏幕提示，即显示屏幕的距离（和形状），而不是模拟场景或对象。在这里，我们建议测量这些屏幕提示的贡献，并开发一种新颖的多焦点图形显示系统，以绕过屏幕提示中最具问题的部分。这项研究工作需要心理物理学家、光学科学家和计算机图形工程师的共同才能，因此我们正在申请资金来整合这项合作研究计划。有四个具体的目标。测量数字显示线索对感知三维的影响。我们将研究三种线索的贡献：a)头部运动时不适当的运动视差，b)像素化，以及c)不适当的焦点线索。开发一个自适应镜头。要求是a)高图像质量，b)功率变化2屈光度或以上的能力，c)频率响应180Hz或更高，d)与图形显示同步镜头功率变化，e)小而轻，足以由人类观察者佩戴。开发和评估精确模拟焦点线索所需的图形显示算法。构建和评估镜头和图形显示算法。我们将测试使用和不使用该系统的人类观察者。我们将根据表观深度、闪烁、清晰度、运动平滑度等来评估结果的质量。我们将对使用深度判断任务来评估系统在产生更真实的3d感知方面的有效性特别感兴趣。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Three-dimensional computer graphics plays a key role in basic research on visual space perception and in numerous applications such as virtual reality. The goal in 3d graphics has been to create the display on a digital display screen that yields the same 2d retinal images as the real 3d scene itself. This can be done stereoscopically by presenting two images on the display screen, one for each eye. The resulting 3d impression can be very compelling. However, the resulting percept is frequently different from that obtained with real scenes and objects. Part, if not all, of the problem can be attributed to inappropriate screen cues that signal the distance to (and shape of' the display screen rather than simulated scene or object. Here we propose to measure the contributions of those screen cues and to develop a novel, multi-focal graphics display system that will circumvent the most problematic of the screen cues. The research effort requires the combined talents of psychophysicists, optical scientists, and computer graphic engineers, so we are requesting funds to put together this collaborative research program. There are four specific aims.1. Measure the influence of digital display cues on perceived 3-dimensionality. We will investigate the contributions of three such cues: a) inappropriate motion parallax during head movements, b) pixelization, and c) inappropriate focus cues.2. Develop an adaptive lens. The requirements are a) high image quality, b) ability to change power by 2 diopters or more, c) frequency response of 180Hz or higher, d) synchronizing lens power changes with the graphic display, and e) small and light enough to be worn by a human observer.3. Develop and evaluate the graphic display algorithm required to simulate focus cues accurately.4. Construct and evaluate the lens and graphical display algorithm. We will test human observers with and without the system in use. We will assess the quality of the resultant in terms of apparent depth, flicker, sharpness, smoothness of motion, and more. We will be particularly interested in using depth-judgment tasks to evaluate the effectiveness of the system in producing more veridical 3d percepts.