Vasomotor Mechanisms in the Human Cutaneous Circulation

描述（由申请人提供）：皮肤循环是最易变的循环之一，具有极高水平血流的潜力。 它的控制对于温度调节以及血液动力学和血压调节都是重要的。 人类的这种控制机制正在变得越来越清晰。 在实验室最近的历史中，我们取得了几项重要的发现。 我们已经清楚地表明，在女性中，肾上腺素能血管收缩剂和非肾上腺素能活性血管扩张剂系统的控制都受到生殖激素状态的影响，当雌激素和孕激素升高时，体温及其控制转移到更高的水平。 我们还知道，皮肤循环的重要控制不仅来自温度调节反射，而且来自压力感受器反射和与动态运动相关的反射，即，非体温调节反射 第三，我们发现，交感血管收缩剂控制和主动血管扩张剂控制的皮肤循环都有初级递质和共递质参与其血管扩张功能。 我们有强有力的证据表明，神经肽Y有一个重要的共同递质的作用，在反射性血管收缩反应，身体冷却和VIP有一个重要的作用，作为一个胆碱能共同递质的主动血管舒张反应，身体变暖。 我们建议将这些控制要素结合在一起，通过寻求发现在月经周期中血管收缩控制的周期性变化是否是通过交感神经共递质NPY;同样，是否存在血管扩张系统（VIP）中的共递质的角色的实质性相关转变。 我们还试图发现交感神经共递质的作用，在皮肤血管控制的非温度调节反射的影响，特别是，在运动的开始，在抑制皮肤血流量的增加，运动的持续和血压受到挑战时，模拟出血。 最后，我们将测试交感神经递质的功能作用，而不是去甲肾上腺素和神经肽Y I的皮肤循环的血管收缩剂控制，特别强调ATP的潜在作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The cutaneous circulation is one of the most variable and has the potential for very high levels of blood flow. Its control is important both to temperature regulation and to hemodynamics and blood pressure regulation generally. The mechanisms for that control in humans are gaining clarity. In the recent history of the laboratory, we have made several important findings. We have shown clearly that, in women, control of both the adrenergic vasoconstrictor and the nonadrenergic active vasodilator systems are subject to modification by reproductive hormone status such that body temperature and its control are shifted to higher levels when estrogen and progesterone are elevated. We also know that important control of the cutaneous circulation derives not only from thermoregulatory reflexes, but also from baroreceptor reflexes and the reflexes associated with dynamic exercise, i.e., nonthermoregulatory reflexes. Third, we found that the sympathetic vasoconstrictor control and the active vasodilator control of the cutaneous circulation each have both primary transmitters and co-transmitters involved in their vasomotor functions. We have strong evidence that NPY has an important co-transmitter role in the reflex vasoconstrictor responses to body cooling and that VIP has an important role as a cholinergic co-transmitter in the active vasodilator response to body warming. We propose to draw these elements of control together, by seeking to discover whether the cyclic variation in vasoconstrictor control during the menstrual cycle is via the sympathetic co-transmitter NPY; similarly, whether there is a hormonally associated shift in the role for the co-transmitter in the vasodilator system (VIP). We also seek to discover the roles for sympathetic co-transmitters in the influence of nonthermoregulatory reflexes on cutaneous vascular control, specifically, in response to the onset of exercise, in the inhibition of the increase in skin blood flow as exercise continues and when blood pressure is challenged by simulated hemorrhage. Lastly, we will test for a functional role for sympathetic transmitters other than norepinephrine and NPY I the vasoconstrictor control of the cutaneous circulation, with particular emphasis on a potential role for ATP.