Youth Violence Exposure: A National Longitudinal Study

该项目的总体目标是对1995年全国人口普查进行10年更新和延长， 青少年（国家安全局）进行了三波，纵向调查的一个新的国家家庭的概率 12-17岁青少年的样本。最初的国家安全局是通过电话与一个国家的家庭进行的 4，023名12至17岁的男女青少年的概率样本。该方法的 用于拟议的项目是故意模仿原来的国家安全局。拟议项目将涉及一个 使用相同的样本选择和访谈对4，000名12-17岁青少年的新队列进行基线调查 就像最初的国家安全局一样。拟议项目还将包括两项额外评估， 青少年参与者将在基线评估后一年和两年进行。就是如此 在最初的国家安全局，一个结构化的采访将被用来衡量广泛的接触证人和 直接暴力受害（例如，性侵犯、身体侵犯和身体虐待惩罚）发生在 家庭、学校和社区环境。将测量几种类型的心理健康问题，包括 创伤后应激障碍，严重抑郁症，自杀意念和企图，物质使用和滥用，以及犯罪。研究 还将从家长和青少年那里获得有关学习成绩的信息。拟议 该项目将提供关于过去十年在暴力暴露、实质性 使用，以及美国青年的相关调整问题。虽然是以NSA为模型， 这个项目在几个重要方面与原来的不同。第一，评估暴力暴露在 拟议的研究范围更广，更具体;具体而言，对身体虐待惩罚的评估将 扩大，将有一个更全面的集中在学校，家庭和社区的插曲 为了更好地描述青少年在这些重要环境中遭受暴力的情况， 第二，评估的结果范围将多样化，超出心理健康，药物滥用， 青少年犯罪，包括学业成绩，一个重要的发展标志的儿童适应，以及 危险的性行为第三，拟议的调查方法是纵向的。因此， 建议的项目是：1）获得关于青少年接触的流行率和描述性数据 一系列环境（学校、家庭、社区）中的暴力（直接暴力和目击暴力），包括性暴力 殴打、人身攻击、体罚、家庭暴力、社区暴力和学校暴力 （2）确定12-17岁的全国代表性样本中是否发生了变化 1995-2005年期间，20岁以下奥尔兹遭受暴力的普遍程度、心理健康状况 问题，以及风险或保护因素的一系列不利的社会和心理健康的结果，鉴于暴露 3）研究遭受暴力的纵向轨迹，心理健康的发展， 物质使用、滥用问题、危险性行为、犯罪和学习成绩的变化;4） 检验不良家庭环境与青少年犯罪结果之间的关系 和学习成绩不佳在很大程度上是由暴露于暴力和/或与暴力有关的 心理健康问题;以及5）测试上述关系在多大程度上受到以下因素的调节： 性别、种族和民族。

The overall objective of this project is to obtain a 10 year update and extension of the 1995 National Survey of Adolescents (NSA) by conducting a three wave, longitudinal survey of a new national household probability sample of 12-17 year-old adolescents. The original NSA was conducted via telephone with a national household probability sample of 4,023 male and female adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17. The methods to be used for the proposed project are deliberately modeled after the original NSA. The proposed project will involve a baseline survey of a new cohort of 4,000 12-17 year-olds using identical sample selection and interview procedures as that in the original NSA. The proposed project will also include two additional assessments of adolescent participants to be conducted one and two years after the baseline assessment. As was the case with the odginal NSA, a structured interview will be used to measure a broad range of exposure to witnessed and direct violence victimization (e.g., sexual assault, physical assault, and physically abuse punishment) occurring in family, school, and community settings. Several types of mental health problems will be measured, including PTSD, major depression, suicide ideation and attempts, substance use and abuse, and delinquency. The study will also obtain information from parents as well as adolescents regarding academic performance. The proposed project will provide invaluable comparisons about changes over the past decade in violence exposure, substance use, and related adjustment issues among American youth. Although modeled after the NSA, the proposed project departs from the original in several important respects. First, the assessment of violence exposure in the proposed study is broader and more specific; specifically, assessment of physically abusive punishment will be expanded, and there will be a more comprehensive focus on episodes of school, domestic, and community violence to permit greater description of adolescents' exposure to violence in each of these important settings. Second, the range of outcomes assessed will be diversified beyond mental health, substance abuse, and delinquency to include academic performance, an important developmental marker of child adjustment, as well as risky sexual behaviors. Third, the proposed survey methodology is longitudinal. Thus, specific aims of the proposed project are: 1)To obtain prevalence rates and descriptive data regarding adolescents' exposure to violence (both direct and witnessed) across a range of settings (school, home, community), including sexual assault, physical assault, physically abusive punishment, domestic violence, community violence and school violence; 2) To determine whether there have been changes among a nationally representative sample of 12-17 year olds over the 1995-2005 period with respect to the prevalence of exposure to violence, mental health problems, and risk or protective factors for a range of adverse social and mental health outcomes given exposure to violence;3) To examine the longitudinal trajectory of exposure to violence, development of mental health and substance use, abuse problems, risky sexual behaviors, delinquency and changes in academic performance;4) To test the hypothesis that the relationship between adverse family environment and the outcomes of delinquency and poor academic performance are substantially mediated by exposure to violence and/or violence-related mental health problems; and 5)To test the extent to which the relationships described above are moderated by gender, race, and ethnicity.