Risk and Protective Factors for Partner Abuse, Child Maltreatment, & Suicidality

虐待伴侣、虐待和忽视儿童以及自杀行为在美国社会中是代价高昂的事件， 人类苦难和经济的共同点。《2010年健康人》的目标是减少所有这三个问题。然而，在这方面， 由于对风险的相对关系了解不足， 保护因素的问题。 这个项目的目的是使用一个大的（超过100，000名受访者），有代表性的档案样本 来自83个社区，以提供不同水平的风险因素的效应大小（即，个人、家庭、工作， 社区），以测试有关保护因素的缓冲作用的假设，并使用这些结果来创建 探索性的风险和弹性模型来解决这些问题。 档案数据集包含对自杀倾向、伴侣和儿童身体攻击及其 影响，伴侣和儿童的情感攻击及其影响，以及儿童疏忽。我们将测试效果 使用相关性的危险因素的大小，使用相关性的保护因素的缓冲作用和向后 逐步逻辑回归和线性回归，以及使用结构方程建模的总体模型。我们将使用统计 软件包，可以适当地估计在83个社区收集的复杂数据集的标准误差。 预防科学由五个阶段的递归研究周期指导：（1）确定问题并测量其 患病率;（2）建立与问题的风险和保护因素关系;（3）功效试验;（4）有效性 试验;和（5）传播试验（Mrazek & Haggerty，1994）。所有风险因素文献中仍存在很大差距 伴侣虐待和虐待儿童的形式（Slep & Heyman，2001年）;对推定的虐待行为知之甚少。 保护因素关系。因为这些知识为建立有效的预防提供了基础 在这些活动中，如果不加以改进，就不可能实现2010年“健康人”目标。这个项目是独一无二的， 创新，因为（a）它足够大，在估计风险时具有非常高的功效和较低的标准误差， 保护因素效应大小和累加效应;（B）它将审查伤害的风险和保护关系， 较低级别的行为（例如，（c）它将测试这些关系是否有伴侣和儿童身体虐待，伴侣和儿童 精神虐待、忽视儿童的疏忽（缺乏监督和暴露于身体危险）和自杀倾向;（d） 它将审查共病的风险和保护因素;以及（e）它足够大，可以审查这些关系 为不同年龄段的孩子们。

Partner abuse, child abuse and neglect, and suicidal behavior are costly occurrences in American society, in terms of both human suffering and economics. Healthy People 2010 targets all three problems for reduction. However, brevention of each of these areas is hampered by inadequate knowledge about the relative relations of risk and protective factors to the problems. The purpose of this project is to use a large (over 100,000 respondents), representative archival sample from 83 communities to provide effect sizes of risk factors at various levels (i.e., individual, family, work, and community), to test hypotheses about the buffering effects of protective factors, and use these results to create exploratory models of risk and resilience for these problems. The archival data set contains detailed assessments of suicidality, partner and child physical assaults and their impacts, partner and child emotional assaults and their impacts, and child neglectful omissions. We will test the effect sizes of risk factors using correlations, the buffering effects of protective factors using correlations and backward stepwise logistic and linear regressions, and overall models using structural equation modeling. We will use statistical packages that can appropriately estimate standard errors in a complex data set collected at 83 communities. Prevention science is guided by a five stage, recursive research cycle: (1) defining the problem and measuring its prevalence; (2) establishing risk and protective factor relations with the problem; (3) efficacy trials; (4) effectiveness trials; and (5) dissemination trials (Mrazek & Haggerty, 1994). Large gaps remain in the risk factor literature on all forms of partner abuse and child maltreatment (Slep & Heyman, 2001); very little is known at all about putative protective factor relations. Because this knowledge provides the bedrock on which to build effective prevention activities, reaching the Healthy People 2010 objectives is unlikely without improvements. This project is unique and innovative because (a) it is large enough to have very high power and low standard errors in its estimations of risk and protective factor effect sizes and additive effects; (b) it will examine risk and protective relations for injury as well as lower level behaviors (e.g., assault); (c) it will test these relations for partner and child physical abuse, partner and child emotional abuse, child neglectful omissions (lack of supervision and exposure to physical hazards), and suicidality; (d) it will examine risk and protective factors for comorbid conditions; and (e) it is large enough to examine these relations for children in different age groups.