Groundwork for a study of non-smoking-associated lung cancer in AsianPacific Isla

描述(申请人提供)：肺癌是导致美国亚太岛民(API)和拉美裔女性癌症死亡的主要原因，尽管其中80%以上的女性从未吸烟。API和西班牙裔妇女吸烟率低，肺癌负担重，人口增长率快，使她们成为研究吸烟以外的肺癌危险因素的理想目标人群。此外，在从不吸烟的肺癌患者中，API女性的比例似乎过高，这表明她们可能有更高的暴露发生率或对吸烟以外的肺癌风险因素更敏感，而西班牙裔女性可能对这些风险因素的暴露或易感性较低。因此，作为在大旧金山湾区API和西班牙裔女性中开展非吸烟相关肺癌的人群病例对照研究的先导，我们建议启动一项试点研究，具体目标如下：1)论证确定从不吸烟的API和西班牙裔女性中具有代表性的样本的可行性；2)评估招募大约560名具有代表性的、从不吸烟的API和西班牙裔女性作为研究对照所需的人员努力水平；以及3)比较三种对照招募方法在API和西班牙裔女性中的有效性。我们将使用基于姓氏的有针对性的搜索方法，从基于订阅的电话和地址目录中识别中国人、菲律宾人、夏威夷人、西班牙人、亚裔印度人、日本人、太平洋岛民和越南妇女。符合条件的女性将被要求完成一项简短的电话、邮件或基于互联网的调查，以评估社会人口特征。为了评估登记对象的代表性，我们将把他们的社会人口学特征与美国人口普查局和加州健康访谈调查的最新数据进行比较。我们将通过计算通过电话、邮件或两者都联系的个人的参与率来比较招募方法的有效性。这项先导性研究将为一项更大规模的研究奠定关键基础，该研究旨在了解并最终预防从不吸烟的人患肺癌。 亚洲和太平洋岛民(API)和西班牙裔妇女很少吸烟，目前尚不清楚为什么这些妇女中有这么多人患上肺癌--肺癌是癌症死亡的主要原因。这项先导性研究是朝着建立一项更大规模的研究迈出的重要一步，该研究旨在了解从未吸烟的API和西班牙裔女性患肺癌的原因。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) and Hispanic women in the U.S., despite the fact that over 80% of these women have never smoked cigarettes. The low prevalence of smoking, heavy burden of lung cancer, and fast population growth rate among API and Hispanic women make them an ideal target population in which to examine risk factors for lung cancer other than tobacco smoking. Moreover, API women appear to be overrepresented among never-smokers with lung cancer, suggesting that they may have a higher prevalence of exposure or greater susceptibility to lung cancer risk factors other than smoking, whereas Hispanic women may have lower exposure or susceptibility to such risk factors. Therefore, as a precursor to launching a population-based case-control study of non-smoking-associated lung cancer among API and Hispanic women in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area, we propose to initiate a pilot study with the following specific aims: 1) to demonstrate the feasibility of identifying a representative sample of API and Hispanic women who have never smoked; 2) to assess the level of personnel effort required to enroll approximately 560 representative, never-smoking API and Hispanic women as study controls; and 3) to compare the efficacy of three control recruitment methods among API and Hispanic women. We will use a surname-based targeted searching method to identify Chinese, Filipina, native Hawaiian, Hispanic, Asian Indian, Japanese, Pacific Islander, and Vietnamese women from subscription-based telephone and address directories. Eligible women will be asked to complete a brief telephone, mail, or Internet-based survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics. To assess the representativeness of enrolled subjects, we will compare their sociodemographic characteristics with current data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the California Health Interview Survey. We will compare the efficacy of recruitment methods by calculating participation rates among individuals contacted by telephone, mail, or both. This pilot study will serve as critical groundwork for a larger study aiming to understand, and ultimately prevent, the development of lung cancer in never-smokers. Asian and Pacific Islander (API) and Hispanic women rarely smoke, and it is unknown why so many of these women develop lung cancer-a leading cause of cancer death. This pilot study is an important step toward building a larger study to understand the causes of lung cancer in API and Hispanic women who have never smoked.