Behavioral And Environmental Risk Factors For Childhood Drowning

本研究采用病例对照设计，一方面评估游泳课、游泳能力和其他危险或保护因素与溺水风险的关系。有关儿童溺水的风险和保护因素的信息将为设计未来预防这些悲惨死亡的干预措施提供宝贵的指导。主要的研究假设解决了游泳课与1至4岁儿童溺水风险之间的联系，而次要假设解决了较大儿童溺水的风险和保护因素。对溺水受害者的父母或监护人和年龄匹配的对照组的父母/监护人进行了访谈。还对14-19岁的青少年对照组进行了一次简短的访谈。访谈内容包括接触水、游泳能力、参加游泳课以及其他一些可能影响溺水风险的因素。 病例是从6个州的19个法医/验尸官办公室确认的。配对的对照组通过随机数字拨号进行识别。在1-4岁年龄组，对61名溺水受害者家属和134名对照进行了访谈。目前正在审查一份手稿。2007年5月，在《儿科和青少年医学档案》上发表了一份手稿，报告了病例家庭对参加研究访谈的看法。最终的研究结果表明，溺水的1-4岁儿童比对照组儿童接受正式游泳课的可能性更小。调整后的优势比为0.12(0.01-0.97)，这表明如果是因果关系，正规的游泳课可能会将学龄前儿童溺水的风险降低88%。

This study utilizes a case-control design to evaluate the relation between swimming lessons, swimming ability, and other risk or protective factors on the one hand, and the risk of drowning on the other. Information about risk and protective factors for childhood drownings will provide valuable guidance for the design of future interventions to prevent these tragic deaths. The primary study hypothesis addresses the association between swimming lessons and the risk of drowning among children ages 1 to 4 years, while secondary hypotheses address risk and protective factors for drowning among older children. Parents or guardians of drowning victims and parents/guardians of age-matched controls were interviewed. A short interview was also conducted with adolescent controls, aged 14-19 years. Interviews included questions regarding exposure to water, swimming ability, participation in swimming lessons, and a number of other factors that might influence the risk of drowning. Cases were identified from 19 Medical Examiners/Coroners offices in 6 states. Matched controls were identified through random-digit dialing. In the 1-4 year age group interviews were conducted with 61 families of drowning victims and 134 matched controls. A manuscript is currently under review. A manuscript reporting perceptions of case families with respect to participation in a study interview was published in May of 2007 in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. The final study results demonstrated that 1-4 year old children who drowned were less likely than control children to have received formal swimming lessons. The adjusted odds ratio was 0.12 (0.01-0.97), suggesting that if causal, formal swimming lessons might reduce the risk of drowning in pre-school aged children by 88%.