The contribution of plasma jets and sporadic radiative events to the coronal heating puzzle

自从上世纪初发现太阳黑子与强磁场同时出现以来，我们越来越意识到太阳磁场是一个复杂而微妙的系统。熟悉的11年太阳黑子周期只是其众多表现中最明显的一个。目前，我们正处于一个新时代，探索太阳及其如何影响地球上的生命，遥远的恒星如何运作，以及我们如何在实验室中控制等离子体。为了踏上这段旅程，我们必须在三个方面以更高的分辨率观察太阳及其磁活动：空间……解析太阳表面和大气结构的基本尺度，光谱…获得太阳光谱的窄片，以便更好地测量太阳大气和时间的动态性质。快速发展事件的高节奏（频繁）图像和光谱。在解释方面，我们不仅需要更好的模型，还需要对工作中必要的原子过程的理解。本提案计划针对太阳大气中的各种小尺度瞬变特征来解决上述问题。

Since the discovery at the beginning of the last century that sunspots coincide with strong magnetic fields, we have become increasingly aware of the Sun's magnetic fields as an complex and subtle system. The familiar 11-year sunspot cycle is just the most obvious of its many manifestations. We are currently positioned for a new era of discovery about the Sun and how it affects life on Earth, how distant stars work, and how we might control plasmas in laboratories. To embark on that journey, we must observe the Sun and its magnetic activities at higher resolutions on three fronts: Spatial ... resolve fundamental scales of structures on the solar surface and in its atmosphere, Spectral ... obtain narrow slices of the solar spectrum for better measurements of the dynamic nature of the solar atmosphere and Temporal ... high cadence (frequent) images and spectra of rapidly developing events. On the interpretation front we not only need better models but an understanding of the necessary atomic processes at work. This proposal plans to address the above issues with regard to various small-scale transient features in the solar atmosphere.