ADOLESCENT ANXIETY: A LONGITUDINAL TWIN STUDY PERSPECTIVE

项目3试图通过跟踪了解双胞胎儿童行为问题的纵向模式。 以前系统地从出生记录中确定的样本。该项目使用遗传潜伏期 分析适用于3次纵向数据(年龄7-8岁、12-13岁和15-16岁) 为了解气质和家庭风险因素以及为 在项目4中研究青春期焦虑的神经相关性。我们预测孩子站在侧面 七个维度(抑郁，社交焦虑，担心/强迫症，注意力不集中，冲动，多动， 挑衅性/攻击性/冷酷无情)用多种方法评估将揭示现有DSM-IV中的异质性 具有不同DSM-IV诊断的儿童亚组中的诊断类别和共性。 将在潜在增长曲线分析的范围内审查几个风险因素，包括基础和 纵向研究反应性皮质醇模式、8个基因的等位基因变异、家庭压力和观察到的家系 互动模式、妊娠和分娩并发症，以及童年气质。 在操作上，该项目包括对双胞胎和他们的母亲进行电话采访 对1200多对双胞胎和他们的母亲进行抽样，对纵向数据进行广泛的统计分析，以及 对有资格诊断为焦虑症或抑郁症的亚样本进行基于实验室的评估。 以实验室为基础的评估单元将包括结构化的精神病学面谈，认知/情感 评估(反应时间和其他基于绩效的措施)，以及Trier社会压力测试AS 激活HPA轴的协议。 研究结果将提高对(1)儿童焦虑问题的病因学的理解；(2)危险因素是如何起作用的 在相当长的一段童年和青春期；以及(3)可能形成的认知和其他过程 焦虑行为的根源。

Project 3 seeks to understand the longitudinal pattern of behavioral problems in twin children by following up a sample previously systematically ascertained from birth records. The project uses genetic latent class analysis applied to 3-occasion, longitudinal data (age 7-8 years, 12-13 years, and 15-16 years) as a foundation for understanding temperamental and family risk factors, as well as to provide a sample for studying neural correlates of adolescent anxiety in Project 4. We predict that the child's standing on a profile of seven dimensions (depressed, socially anxious, worried/obsessive, inattentive, impulsive, hyperactive, defiant/aggressive/callous) assessed with multiple methods will reveal heterogeneity within existing DSM-IV diagnostic categories and commonality among subgroups of children with different DSM-IV diagnoses. Several risk factors will be examined within the context of latent growth curve analysis, including basal and reactive cortisol patterns studied longitudinally, allelic variants of 8 genes, family stress and observed family interaction patterns, pregnancy and birth complications, and childhood temperament. Operationally, the project involves conducting telephone interviews of both twins and their mothers for a sample over 1,200 twins and their mothers, extensive statistical analyses of the longitudinal data, and a laboratory-based assessment of a subsample who qualify for a diagnosis of anxiety disorder or depression. The laboratory-based assessment battery will include a structured psychiatric interview, cognitive/affective assessments (reaction time and other performance-based measures), and the Trier Social Stress Test as protocol to activate the HPA axis. Results should improve understanding of (1) nosology of childhood anxiety problems; (2) how risk factors act over a substantial period of childhood and adolescence; and (3) cognitive and other processes that may form the substrate of anxious behavior.