Validating RDoC for Children and Adolescents: A Twin Study with Neuroimaging

描述(由申请人提供)：本申请提出了一个两部分的方法来理解RDoC正价和负价系统的发展方面。该项目的重点是客观的行为评估和多模式神经成像。研究1利用之前客观评估的1404名儿童(702对双胞胎)对7岁儿童的积极和消极情绪进行评估，并将一系列视频行为测量映射到RDoC维度。这些儿童也曾在蹒跚学步时接受评估，后来在平均14岁时进行评估，这允许对适用于儿童的RDoC系统的结构效度进行纵向测试。研究1包括完成14岁的数据收集。研究2建议对其中640名参与者(320对同性双胞胎)进行平均年龄18岁的随访，采用全面的神经成像以及同时进行的心理生理学和神经心理学测量，从正价系统和负价系统评估选定的RDoC结构。我们将确定站在儿童RDoC测量上(来自研究1)是否预测青少年神经成像测量的反应性以及积极和消极情绪的恢复(来自研究2)。我们将使用结构和功能连接性以及在自动情绪调节任务中对情感刺激的反应的动态特征(反应性和恢复)来测试关于站立在RDoC结构上的相关性的预测。我们使用孪生设计来辨别个体差异是否受到遗传条件的影响，以及随时间变化的协方差(RDoC的稳定性)以及行为和神经指标之间的协方差(RDoC的神经基础)是否具有遗传基础。我们通过根据早期的RDoC行为差异和早期的逆境和压力测量来预测单合子内神经成像参数的差异，来研究RDoC构建的环境基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application proposes a two-part approach to understanding developmental aspects of the RDoC positive and negative valence systems. The project focuses on objective behavioral assessment and multimodal neuroimaging. Study 1 takes advantage of 1404 children (702 twin pairs) previously objectively assessed as 7 year-olds on positive and negative affect with a battery of videotaped behavioral measures that map onto RDoC dimensions. These children had also been assessed as toddlers and were later assessed at mean age 14 years, which allows for longitudinal tests of construct validity of the RDoC systems as applied to children. Study 1 includes completion of the age 14 data collection. Study 2 proposes to follow-up, at mean age 18 years, 640 of these participants (320 same-sex twin pairs) with comprehensive neuroimaging and concurrent psychophysiological and neuropsychological measures that assess selected RDoC constructs from the positive and negative valence systems. We will determine whether standing on the childhood RDoC measures (from Study 1) predicts adolescent neuroimaging measures of reactivity and recovery of positive and negative affect (from Study 2). We will test predictions concerning correlates of standing on RDoC constructs using structural and functional connectivity and dynamic features (reactivity and recovery) of responses to affective stimuli in an automatic emotion regulation task. We use the twin design to discern whether individual differences are genetically conditioned and whether the covariance across time (stability of RDoC) and the covariance between behavioral and neural measures (neural underpinnings of RDoC) have genetic bases. We investigate environmental bases of RDoC constructs by predicting monozygotic intrapair differences in neuroimaging parameters from earlier intrapair behavioral RDoC differences and from earlier measures of adversity and stress.