Pulmonary Toxicology Facility Core

1.1导言和愿景声明 自1990年成立以来，环境健康科学研究中心（EHSRC）在爱荷华州大学（U.I.）推动并转化了解决城乡环境健康问题的研究。我们早期的研究主要集中在有机粉尘暴露和肺部疾病，农药暴露和癌症，农村儿童哮喘，以及工业化畜牧生产引起的社区健康问题。虽然这些领域的研究仍在继续，但我们也涵盖了纳米毒理学，氧化应激和先天免疫等新兴重要领域，并在环境基因组学，先进代谢组学，环境干预队列研究和最先进的生物医学成像方面应用了新的创新。随着未来环境健康问题的曝光，我们将继续通过积极的研究，外展和社区参与来迎接他们的挑战。例如，在2008年爱荷华州洪水之后，我们正在调查中西部更温暖、更潮湿的气候所带来的环境健康挑战。在过去114年里，爱荷华州收集的数据显示，无霜期更多，年平均气温更高，极端降雨量每年都在增加。 致敏植物开花更早，产生更多的花粉，并扩大其北方范围。农民们正在通过以下方式适应气候变化：更早地种植，密度更高;使用更多的杀虫剂来控制新的昆虫、真菌和杂草造成的产量损失;扩大使用地下排水系统，将杀虫剂和粪便引入地表水道。在这个例子中，不断变化的气候与农村和农业人口直接相关，并对沿着城乡连续体的公共卫生产生深远影响。EHSRC正在将关于气候变化健康影响的创新研究转化为政策制定者和公众，以支持合理的适应战略，并改善我们对环境灾害的准备，重点是疾病预防。 EHSRC愿景声明： 该中心的愿景是通过刺激和转化创新的环境健康科学研究，成为改善农村居民健康的主要环境健康资源。这将通过获得对农村暴露的新见解来实现;宿主防御，肺损伤和修复的途径;纳米毒理学;和人口健康;然后将这些见解转化为临床医学，公共卫生实践和监管政策。

1.1 INTRODUCTION AND VISION STATEMENT Since its inception in 1990, Environmental Health Sciences Research Center (EHSRC) at the University of Iowa (U.I.) has advanced and translated research that addresses environmental health problems across the urban-rural continuum. Our early research was focused on organic dust exposure and lung disease, pesticide exposure and cancer, rural childhood asthma, and community health problems arising from industrialized livestock production. While studies in these arenas continue, we have also encompassed areas of emerging importance such as nanotoxicology, oxidative stress and innate immunity and have applied new innovations in environmental genomics, advanced metabolomics, environmental intervention cohort studies and state-of-the-art biomedical imaging. As future environmental health issues come to light, we will continue to embrace their challenges through vigorous research, outreach and community engagement. For example, in the wake of the Iowa Flood of 2008, we are investigating environmental health challenges posed by a warmer, wetter climate in the Midwest. Data collected in Iowa over the last 114 years show more frost-free days, higher annual rainfalls, and increasing days each year with extreme rainfall. Allergenic plants are flowering sooner, producing more pollen and expanding their northern range. Farmers are adapting to climate change by planting earlier and at higher densities; using more pesticides to control yield loss from new insects, fungi and weeds; and expanding use of subsurface drainage systems that channel pesticides and manure into surface waterways. In this example, a changing climate has direct relevance to rural and agricultural populations as well as far-reaching implications for public health along the urban-rural continuum. The EHSRC is translating innovative research on climate change health effects to policy makers and the public to support sound adaptation strategies and to improve our preparedness for environmental disasters with a focus on disease prevention. EHSRC Vision Statement: The Center vision is to be the primary environmental health resource for improving the health of rural residents by stimulating and translating innovative environmental health sciences research. This will be accomplished by gaining new insights into rural exposures; pathways of host defense, lung injury and repair; nanotoxicology; and population health; and then translating these insights to clinical medicine, public health practice and regulatory policy.