Physical Activity and Substance Abuse

描述(申请人提供)：有氧运动产生一系列与药物滥用和依赖呈负相关的心理影响。例如，长期的自愿锻炼增加了自尊和幸福感，减少了抑郁和焦虑。此外，流行病学研究报告说，参加促进身体健康的活动与青少年人群中较低的烟草和药物使用发生率有关。尽管有这些令人振奋的发现，但很少有临床和实验室报道专门研究有氧运动与降低吸毒倾向之间的潜在因果关系。在拟议的一系列研究中，我们将评估有氧运动的有效性，以(1)减缓长期接触条件下可卡因摄入量的增加，(2)防止长期暴饮暴食时出现的药物摄取模式失调，以及(3)减少可卡因刺激和线索诱导的戒断后的恢复。这个项目将首次系统地研究锻炼对一系列行为过程的影响，这些过程被认为与成瘾行为的病因学有关。此外，这些研究将考察锻炼对男性和女性受试者的影响，并确定这些影响是否存在性别差异。作为其翻译呼吁的一部分，该项目将审查运动既是一种预防性干预措施(即，在开始使用药物之前)，也是一种治疗干预措施(即，在自我管理牢固确立之后)。总而言之，这些研究应该会显著提高我们对体力活动如何与内源性奖赏系统相互作用以改变对可卡因的敏感性的认识，并为未来研究运动对临床人群的影响的设计和执行提供关键指导。 与公共健康相关：有氧运动被推荐作为一种潜在的药物滥用治疗方法，但关于其减少药物自我管理的能力的研究很少。这个项目的目的是检验有氧运动的有效性，以(1)减少在自由出入条件下可卡因摄入量的上升，(2)防止长期狂欢期间的高可卡因摄入量，以及(3)减少在接触可卡因或与可卡因相关的线索后恢复寻求药物的行为。该项目将首次系统地研究运动对一系列行为过程的影响，这些行为过程被认为与物质使用障碍的发展有关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Aerobic exercise produces a host of psychological effects that are negatively correlated with substance abuse and dependence. For instance, long-term voluntary exercise increases measures of self-esteem and well-being, and decreases measures of depression and anxiety. Moreover, epidemiological studies report that participation in activities that promote physical fitness is associated with a lower incidence of tobacco and substance use among adolescent populations. Despite these promising findings, remarkably few clinical and laboratory stories have specifically examined a potential causal relationship between aerobic exercise and a decreased propensity to engage in drug-seeking behavior. In the proposed series of studies, we will evaluate the efficacy of aerobic exercise to (1) attenuate the escalation of cocaine intake under extended-access conditions, (2) prevent the dysregulated patterns of drug intake that emerge during a prolonged binge, and (3) decrease cocaine-primed and cue-induced reinstatement following a period of abstinence. This project will be the first systematic examination of the effects of exercise on a range of behavioral processes that are believed to be involved in the etiology of addictive behavior. Furthermore, these studies will examine the effects of exercise in both male and female subjects, and determine whether there are sex differences in these effects. As part of its translational appeal, the project will examine exercise as both a preventative intervention (i.e., before drug use has been initiated) and as a treatment intervention (i.e., after self-administration has been firmly established). Collectively, these studies should significantly advance our knowledge on how physical activity interacts with the endogenous reward system to alter sensitivity to cocaine and provide critical guidance for the design and execution of future studies examining the effects of exercise in clinical populations. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Aerobic exercise has been recommended as a potential treatment for substance abuse, but very little research has been conducted on its ability to reduce drug self-administration. The purpose of this project is to examine the effectiveness of aerobic exercise to (1) reduce the escalation of cocaine intake under free-access conditions, (2) prevent the high rates of cocaine intake during a prolonged binge, and (3) decrease the reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior following exposure to cocaine or cocaine-related cues. This project will be the first systematic examination of the effects of exercise on a range of behavioral processes that are believed to be involved in the development of substance use disorders.