Developing a Dual-Process Intervention for Alcohol Use among Young Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的独立之路奖的主要长期目标是制定一个关于年轻人酒精使用及其相关负面后果的病因和预防的研究计划，并开始她作为助理教授职位的独立科学家的职业生涯。这些目标将通过5年培训计划和补充研究计划来实现。培训计划的目的包括获得成瘾研究方面的经验、个性化反馈干预、基于社交网络的招聘和数据传播。这些更直接的目标将通过一项互动培训计划来实现，该计划包括正式课程、研讨会、讲习班、全国会议，以及撰写一篇关于年轻人酒精干预的文献综述。通过培训计划获得的知识将通过拟议的研究得到扩充。研究计划的长期目标是为年轻人制定理论上合理的双加工酒精干预措施，本研究的具体目标将在两个研究中完成。研究1将在K99指导阶段完成，包括一项纵向研究，旨在实现具体目标1，即在18-20岁的年轻人样本中评估原型意愿模型在应用于酒精使用时的效果，以便为理论上合理的简短干预措施的发展提供信息。研究2 （R00阶段）将采用实验设计来实现具体目标2、3和4，即确定基于完整原型意愿模型和每个主动成分（理性途径和社会途径）的干预措施是否有效地减少18-20岁年轻人样本的酒精使用，相对于仅进行评估的对照。确定大学生身份（当前在校生或非在校生）和饮酒行为（轻度或重度）是否会调节理性干预与社会干预的效果，并确定社会、理性和综合干预效果的理论机制。Drs。Mary Larimer、Melissa Lewis和Clayton Neighbors将担任该奖项的导师，并提供酒精使用、实验方法以及设计和提供个性化反馈干预方面的专业知识。华盛顿大学的资源提供了一个有利于发展酒精研究事业的环境，并获得了作为一名独立科学家开始职业生涯所需的技能。拟议的研究还将为Litt博士向NIAAA提交的首次R01报告提供试点数据。拟议的奖励与NIH增加和维持强大的研究人员队伍以满足国家行为和临床研究需求的目标是一致的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The major long-term objectives of the proposed Pathway to Independence Award are to develop a program of research on the etiology and prevention of alcohol use and related negative consequences in young adults and the launching of her career as an independent scientist with an assistant professor position. These goals will be achieved via a 5-year training plan and complementary research plan. Aims of the training plan include gaining experience in addictions research, personalized feedback interventions, social networking based recruitment, and dissemination of data. These more immediate goals will be achieved through an interactive training plan comprised of formal coursework, seminars, workshops, national conferences, and writing a literature review on alcohol interventions in young adults. Knowledge gained via the training plan will be augmented by the proposed research. The long-term goal of research plan to develop theoretically sound dual-processing alcohol interventions for young adults Specific aims of this research will be accomplished in two studies. Study 1, to be completed during the K99 mentored phase, consists of a longitudinal study designed to achieve specific aim # 1, which is to evaluate the Prototype Willingness model, when applied to alcohol use, in a sample of young adults aged 18-20 in order to inform the development of theoretically sound brief interventions. Study 2 (R00 phase) will employ an experimental design to achieve specific aims 2, 3, and 4, which are to determine whether interventions based on the full Prototype Willingness model and each active component (reasoned pathway and social pathway) are efficacious at reducing alcohol use in a young adult sample, ages 18-20 relative to an assessment only control, determine if college student status (currently enrolled or not) and drinking behavior (light versus heavy) moderates the efficacy of reasoned versus social interventions, and to determine theoretical mechanisms underlying the social, reasoned, and integrated intervention efficacies. Drs. Mary Larimer, Melissa Lewis, and Clayton Neighbors will serve as mentors on this award and will provide expertise in alcohol use, experimental methodology, and designing and delivering personalized feedback interventions. Resources at the University of Washington provide an environment conducive to developing a career in alcohol research and gaining the skills necessary to launch a career as an independent scientist. The proposed studies will also provide pilot data for Dr. Litt's first R01 submission to NIAAA. The proposed award is consistent with NIH's goal of increasing and maintaining a strong cohort of investigators to address the Nation's behavioral and clinical research needs. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Hazardous alcohol use and related negative consequences during young adulthood is a large public health concern. These data will contribute to advancing the field in understanding the dual processing nature of decisions to use alcohol and ultimately inform theoretically sound and efficacious alcohol interventions among young adults.