Spatiotemporal investigations of parietal cortex contributions to episodic memory

描述（由申请人提供）：情景记忆是对先前经历的事件的有意识记忆。回忆过去事件和个人经历的能力是适应行为的基本能力。功能性脑成像研究表明，除了先前确定的内侧颞叶结构外，在情景记忆提取过程中还参与了一组一致的分布式皮质区域。这个网络中最突出的是外侧和内侧顶叶皮层。然而，尽管有强有力的证据顶叶参与情节检索，目前还不清楚顶叶次区域的计算执行检索服务或什么机制介导这种贡献。 目前的应用程序需要一个多模式的方法来研究在人类的外侧和内侧顶叶皮层的神经活动的空间和时间模式，在情节检索。我们将在同一受试者中结合联合收割机神经成像（功能性磁共振成像：fMRI）、电生理学（皮层电图：ECoG）和刺激（脑电刺激：EBS）技术，并将所得数据提交给高级多变量分析。具体来说，我们将本地化功能解剖顶叶亚区与功能磁共振成像，并在同一科目，量化的时间动态内和这些顶叶亚区之间使用皮层脑电图。最后，我们将使用有针对性的EBS来因果地询问这些区域对记忆行为的贡献。这种多模态策略提供了一种最佳的方法，功能分离顶叶亚区，随后揭示精确的时间序列的神经事件的基础检索为基础的激活模式在人类顶叶皮层。 为了实现这些研究目标，候选人将在Anthony瓦格纳博士（斯坦福大学）的指导下进行一系列培训目标，特别是专注于使用功能磁共振成像来研究记忆提取的神经机制。培训将侧重于发展专业知识的实验范式探索情景记忆与功能磁共振成像，并在先进的分析功能磁共振成像数据与多元技术。将这些技能与候选人以前在内侧顶叶皮层认知电生理学（ECoG）方面的工作相结合，沿着候选人现任顾问Josef Parvizi博士（共同导师;斯坦福大学）的持续指导，将为开发专注于研究情景记忆神经认知网络的独立研究计划提供强大的方法和分析基础。 本申请的多模态方法将提供重要的顶叶电路参与情景检索的新的杠杆作用。这种回路是许多心理健康疾病的核心，其中过度和生动地沉思过去的事件或扭曲的回忆过去的事件有助于心理痛苦，如创伤后应激障碍，严重抑郁症，广泛性焦虑症或精神分裂症。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Episodic memory is the conscious memory for previously experienced events. The ability to recollect past events and personal experiences is a fundamental faculty for adaptive behavior. Functional brain imaging studies have shown that, in addition to previously identified structures in the medial temporal lobe, a consistent set of distributed cortical regions are also engaged during episodic memory retrieval. Most prominent among this network has been the lateral and medial parietal cortex. However, despite strong evidence of parietal engagement during episodic retrieval, it is not clear what computations parietal subregions perform in the service of retrieval or what mechanisms mediate this contribution. The current application takes a multimodal approach to studying the spatial and temporal patterns of neural activity in the human lateral and medial parietal cortex during episodic retrieval. We will combine neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging: fMRI), electrophysiology (electrocorticography: ECoG) and stimulation (electrical brain stimulation: EBS) techniques within the same subjects, and will submit the resulting data to advanced multivariate analyses. Specifically, we will localize functional-anatomic parietal subregions with fMRI, and in the same subjects, quantify the temporal dynamics within and between these parietal subregions using ECoG. Finally, we will use targeted EBS to causally interrogate the contributions of these regions to memory behavior. This multimodal strategy provides an optimal approach for functionally dissociating parietal subregions and subsequently revealing the precise temporal sequence of neural events underlying retrieval-based activation patterns in human parietal cortex. To achieve these research aims, the candidate will pursue a series of training aims under the mentorship of Dr. Anthony Wagner (Stanford University), specifically focused on the use of fMRI to study the neural mechanisms of memory retrieval. Training will focus on developing expertise in experimental paradigms for probing episodic memory with fMRI, and in the advanced analysis of fMRI data with multivariate techniques. Combining these skills with the candidate's previous work on the cognitive electrophysiology (ECoG) of medial parietal cortex, along with ongoing mentoring from the candidate's current advisor Dr. Josef Parvizi (co-mentor; Stanford University), will provide a strong methodological and analytical basis for developing an independent research program focused on studying the neurocognitive networks of episodic memory. The multimodal approach of this application will provide important new leverage on the parietal circuits involved in episodic retrieval. Such circuits lie at the core of many mental health disorders, where excessive and vivid rumination of past events or the distorted recollection of past events contributes to psychological distress, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder or schizophrenia, respectively.