Longitudinal Discovery of Brain Developmental Trajectories

描述（由申请人提供）：磁共振成像（MRI）的最新进展现在允许可靠地绘制人脑的功能和结构成熟图，以获得身高和体重生长图的类似物。这样的标准将允许在临床显著的肿瘤学发作之前早期检测病理过程。不幸的是，开发大脑功能和结构的全面生长曲线所需的数据集还不存在，因为技术已经超过了高质量纵向成像数据的收集。 在这里，我们建议产生和分享一个大规模的，社区确定的，结构化的多队列，纵向样本从年龄6.0-20.5 yrs. This开放获取资源将允许大脑功能和结构的发展轨迹，以及与表型的措施，以划定的关系。我们将生成至少192个质量受控的纵向数据集，平均分为12个1岁年龄组（入组时年龄为6.0-17.9岁）。每个数据集将包含3个时间点，间隔15个月，控制时间和月经周期阶段。最先进的多波段成像将用于收集静息状态功能性MRI（R-fMRI）扫描，交替优化时间和空间分辨率。多波段成像还可以在7分钟内获得137个方向的弥散张量成像（DTI），从而最大限度地减少运动混淆。动脉自旋标记灌注测量也将提供额外的定量信息。将纳入维度认知、行为、精神、内分泌、免疫和代谢表型。遗传样本将通过NIMH遗传资源库获得和共享。鉴于儿科人群中影像学测量可靠性相关数据的缺乏，我们还将在每例受试者初次扫描后2周内获得重新扫描结果。 仔细确定可靠性是确定最终临床适用性的先决条件，尤其适用于伪影和生理变化风险最大的儿科人群。拟议的工作建立在Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample（NKI-RS）的基础上，NKI-RS是一个6-85岁大脑发育，成熟和衰老的横断面样本，目前资助招募和评估1000名社区确定的参与者，使用基于多波段成像的R-fMRI，DTI和深度表型。在NKI-RS工作的基础上，将最大限度地减少启动成本、基础设施和设计需求，并最大限度地关注后续数据收集。根据NKI-RS方案，匿名数据集将通过1000个功能性连接体项目（FCP）/国际神经影像数据共享倡议（INDI）（www.nitrc.org）每周前瞻性（出版前）共享。此外，在该项目过程中开发的任何分析方法和软件将在出版物上充分提供。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) now allow the reliable mapping of functional and structural maturation in the human brain to derive analogs of height and weight growth charts. Such norms would allow early detection of pathologic process before clinically significant symptomatology onsets. Unfortunately, the datasets needed to develop comprehensive growth curves for brain function and structure do not yet exist, as technology has outpaced the collection of high quality longitudinal imaging data. Here, we propose to generate and share a large-scale, community-ascertained, structured multi-cohort, longitudinal sample from ages 6.0-20.5 yrs. This open access resource will allow the developmental trajectories of brain function and structure, as well as relationships with phenotypic measures to be delineated. We will generate at least 192 quality-controlled longitudinal datasets, evenly divided across 12 one-year age cohorts (6.0-17.9 yrs old at enrollment). Each dataset will contain 3 time-points separated by 15 months, with time-of-day and menstrual cycle phase controlled. State-of-the-art multiband imaging will be used to collect resting state functional MRI (R-fMRI) scans alternately optimized for temporal and spatial resolution. Multiband imaging will also enable the acquisition of 137-direction diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in less than 7 minutes - thereby minimizing motion confounds. Arterial spin labeling perfusion measures will also provide additional quantitative information. Dimensional cognitive, behavioral, psychiatric, endocrine, immunologic, and metabolic phenotyping will be included. Genetic samples will be obtained and shared via the NIMH Genetics Repository. Given the paucity of data regarding the reliability of imaging measures in pediatric populations, we will also obtain retest scans for each participant within 2 weeks of their initial scan session. Careful determination of reliability is a prerequisite for determination of eventual clinical applicability, and especially pertinent in pediatric populations where risk of artifact and physiological variations are greatest. The proposed work builds on the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (NKI-RS), a cross-sectional sample of brain development, maturation and aging spanning ages 6-85 years, currently funded to recruit and assess 1000 community-ascertained participants using multiband imaging-based R-fMRI, DTI, and deep phenoytyping. Building upon the NKI-RS effort will minimize startup costs, infrastructure and design needs, and maximize the focus on follow-up data collection. Consistent with the NKI-RS protocol, anonymized datasets will be shared weekly on a prospective (pre-publication) basis via The 1000 Functional Connectomes Project (FCP)/ International Neuroimaging Data-sharing Initiative (INDI) (www.nitrc.org). Additionally, any analysis methods and software developed in the course of the project will be made fully available on publication.