Neural mechanisms of social affect induction

项目摘要 渗透性情绪加工是一系列精神障碍的典型症状，如抑郁症 当它是主要症状时，以及当情感障碍是次要症状时， 例如，精神分裂症。对健康人和有抑郁情绪的人的研究表明， 以腹侧扣带回前部和杏仁核为中心的脑区对脑电长期变化的控制作用 影响。尽管有这样的理解，产生和调节情感体验的神经机制 都不清楚。这种缺乏明确性的一个原因是，对影响的研究通常只在动物身上进行 评估对离散的厌恶或积极刺激的瞬时和短暂的行为和神经反应。 这些刺激通常持续不到一秒，通常属于一小类(例如果汁)，而不是 特别是与生态相关的。到目前为止，还没有对非人类灵长类动物的研究探索这种神经基础。 持续数分钟或数小时的情感状态，这是人类情绪状态的典型特征。这类研究 将构成了解情绪是如何在大脑回路和单人水平上控制的基础 神经元。这项提议的目的是确定连接腹侧ACC和杏仁核的回路 非人类在诱导消极或积极情绪状态之前、期间和之后的功能 灵长类动物。我们假设消极的和积极的在时间上扩展的情感状态将相关 在情感过程中，腹侧ACC和杏仁核内局部和环路水平的神经活动具有独特的模式 情感状态的诱导和选择(或调节)。我们将首先确定以下内容来检验我们的假设 腹侧ACC和杏仁核的局部和回路水平的活动如何编码动态的、 产生独特情感状态的生态相关刺激(目标1)。我们将记录两个单一的神经元 以及腹侧ACC和杏仁核的局部场电位，并分析神经反应的时序 以及这些领域之间的LFP一致性，以获得电路级别的理解。然后，用一个翻译过来的- 相关的情感感应技术，即镜子影响人类使用的感应范式，我们将建立 当短暂延长时，杏仁核腹侧环路内的情感相关神经活动是如何改变的 情感状态的改变，包括积极的和消极的，都被诱导(目标2)。情感状态意志的诱导 使用副交感神经和心脏的行为相关性(即反应选择)和心脏相关性进行确认 交感神经活动，是情感状态的衡量标准，在人类身上得到了很好的验证。一旦神经 机制，即腹侧ACC-杏仁核环路中控制 情感状态是已知的，我们预计能够增加或减少这个回路中的活动 影响情感状态。这个项目标志着对标准研究方法的重大背离。 情感的非人类灵长类动物，有可能为治疗情绪障碍提供重要的知识。

Project Summary Pertrubed affective processing is a defining symptom of a host of psychiatric disorders, such as depression where it is a primary symptom, and disorders where affective disturbances are secondary symptoms, for example, schizophrenia. Studies of healthy individuals and those with depressed mood implicate a network of areas centering on ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala in the control of long-term changes in affect. Despite this understanding, the neural mechanisms that generate and regulate affective experiences are unclear. One reason for this lack of clarity stems from the fact that studies of affect in animals typically only assess instantaneous and short-lived behavioral and neural responses to discrete aversive or positive stimuli. These stimuli typically last less than a second and generally belonging to a small class (e.g., juice) that are not particularly ecologically relevant. To date, no studies in non-human primates have probed the neural basis of affective states that extend over minutes or hours, durations typical of mood states in humans. Such studies would form the foundation for understanding how mood is controlled at the level of brain circuits and single neurons. The objective of this proposal is to determine how the circuit connecting ventral ACC and amygdala functions before, during, and after the induction of either negative or positive affective states in non-human primates. We hypothesize that negative and positive temporally extended affective states will be associated with unique patterns of local and circuit-level neural activity within ventral ACC and amygdala during affect induction and the selection (or regulation) of affective state. We will test our hypothesis by first determining how local and circuit level activity within ventral ACC and amygdala encodes the valence of dynamic, ecologically relevant stimuli that generate unique affective states (Aim 1). We will record both single neurons and local field potentials in both ventral ACC and amygdala and analyze the timing of the neural responses and LFP coherence among these areas to gain circuit-level understanding. Then, using a translationally- relevant affect induction technique that mirrors affect induction paradigms used in humans, we will establish how affect-related neural activity within the ventral ACC-amygdala circuit is altered when temporally extended changes in affective state, both positive and negative, are induced (Aim 2). The induction of affective state will be confirmed using both behavioral (i.e., response selection) and cardiac correlates of parasympathetic and sympathetic activity, measures of affective state that are well validated in humans. Once the neural mechanisms, the specific patterns of neural activity within the ventral ACC-amygdala circuit that control affective states are known, we anticipate being able to either increase or decrease activity in this circuit to influence affective states. This project marks a significant departure from standard approaches to studying affective non-human primates and has the potential to provide vital knowledge for treating mood disorders.