2022 Photosensory Receptors and Signal Transduction GRC/GRS

总结 在2022年感光受体和信号转导（PRST）戈登研究会议（GRC）上， 在加利福尼亚州文图拉举行，来自世界各地的科学家聚集在一起，展示和讨论 自然界提供的感光系统，旨在了解它们的机制，信号通路 和功能效应-从原子和分子水平到生物体的生理学水平， 它们所构成的生态系统。感光受体提供了独特的机会，了解 信号转导和蛋白质功能的基本原则，因为它们可以被光激活， 它们可以接受最先进的物理、化学和细胞生物学方法。这样，中央 光诱导的分子变化如何产生大规模生物信号的问题可以在 前所未有的细节。光敏信号的研究具有巨大的实际应用。的情况下 在脊椎动物的视觉中，光转导途径的精细调节的丧失与各种 视网膜变性的类型，导致夜盲症，隧道视力，甚至完全丧失 的视线。对眼睛中的光传导的研究也导致视网膜疾病的治疗，昼夜节律的改变， 功能障碍和情绪障碍。光敏系统的模块化结构与其 遗传可编码性为光遗传学领域提供了基础，其中光感受器和它们的基因编码是光遗传学的基础。 相互作用途径被工程化以利用光非侵入性地控制细胞过程。研究 感光受体本质上是跨学科的，需要在几个方面取得基础科学进展。的 GRC和相关的戈登研究研讨会（GRS）的主题已被选为代表 该领域的关键跨学科问题，并鼓励不同群体之间的思想交流， 研究人员新兴方向，如新技术对了解受体的影响 物理学和机制，大分子复合物在转换复杂光子响应中的作用， 例如脊椎动物的视觉，以及光遗传学的光传感器工程将在 深入受邀发言者将包括已建立的和早期阶段的调查人员。此外，海报制作者 将争夺简短的热门话题。GRS为年轻科学家提供了一个支持性的环境， 他们的工作，并接受高级导师的建议。PRST社区长期以来一直支持初级科学家， 研究所将继续帮助我们培养早期研究人员，促进多样性 在我们的社区。光敏转导领域由于一种新的生物技术而正在经历一场复兴。 大量有才华的新研究人员涌入，他们应用生物物理学、计算、单分子或细胞等先进工具， 成像和高通量筛选方法，以提供以前无法获得的答案。良好的整合 PRST GRC/GRS将科学家对我们领域面临的最重要的问题，并将鼓励博士后 学生们将他们来之不易的训练应用到光生物学最令人兴奋的新领域。

Summary At the 2022 Photosensory Receptors and Signal Transduction (PRST) Gordon Research Conference (GRC) to be held in Ventura CA, scientists from all over the world gather to present and discuss the full palette of photosensory systems that Nature has provided, aiming to understand their mechanisms, signaling pathways and functional effects – from the level of atoms and molecules to that of the physiology of organisms and the ecosystems that they constitute. Photosensory receptors provide unique opportunities to understand the essential principles of signal transduction and protein function because they can be activated by light, rendering them amenable to state-of-the-art physical, chemical and cell-biological approaches. In this way, the central question of how light-induced molecular changes produce large-scale biological signals can be addressed in unprecedented detail. Research of photosensory signaling has enormous practical application. In the case of vertebrate vision, loss of the finely tuned regulation of the phototransduction pathway has been linked to various types of retinal degeneration that cause conditions such as night blindness, tunnel vision, and even the total loss of sight. Studies of phototransduction in the eye also lead to the treatment of retinal diseases, circadian dysfunction and mood disorders. The modular architecture of photosensory systems in combination with their genetic encodability provides the foundation for the field of optogenetics, wherein photoreceptors and their interaction pathways are engineered to noninvasively control cellular processes with light. Research on photosensory receptors is inherently interdisciplinary, requiring basic scientific advances on several fronts. The themes of the GRC and the associated Gordon Research Seminar (GRS) have been chosen to represent the key interdisciplinary problems in the field and to stimulate the exchange of ideas between a diverse group of researchers. Emerging directions such as the impact of new technologies for understanding receptor photophysics and mechanism, the role macromolecular complexes in transducing complex photonic responses, such as those of vertebrate vision, and the engineering of photosensors for optogenetics will be explored in depth. Invited speakers will include both established and early-stage investigators. In addition, poster presenters will compete for short hot-topic talks. The GRS provides a supportive environment for junior scientists to present their work and receive advise by senior mentors. The PRST community has long supported junior scientists, and the GRS will continue to help us nurture the development of early-stage investigators and promote diversity within our community. The field of photosensory transduction has been undergoing a revitalization due to an influx of talented new researchers who apply advanced tools of biophysics, computation, single molecule or cell imaging and high-throughput screening methods to provide answers previously unattainable. The well-integrated PRST GRC/GRS will scientists to the most important questions confronting our field and will encourage postdocs and students to apply their hard-won training to the most exciting new areas of photobiology.