The Roles of Victimization and Social Status in Adolescentsâ Risk Behaviors and Psychosocialors and Psychosocial Adjustment

项目摘要/摘要 成为同龄人的受害者会带来社交、行为和情感上的困难，而欺凌甚至会 在几个国家和NICHD被贴上公共卫生危机的标签。受害行为也与 更多的毒品和酒精使用，可能是一种不适应的应对机制。这是令人担忧的，因为 物质使用是残疾、早期死亡的全球风险因素，并导致重大的经济和社会问题 成本。因此，了解预测危险行为的因素(如攻击性、药物使用)是至关重要的。 在发育早期(即青春期)，在这些行为变得更加严重并导致显著 个人和社会成本。拟议项目侧重于受害和社会地位在以下方面的作用 预测后续的危险行为。最近的证据表明，我们对后果的理解 对受害者的研究是不完整的，因为大多数研究只关注地位较低、被社会边缘化的受害者 攻击性。关键的是，越来越多的证据表明，地位较高的年轻人也是攻击的目标。这 尤其令人担忧的是，地位高、吸毒和攻击性之间存在正相关关系 在青春期。因此，目前关于受害的观点忽视了一群青年(地位较高的受害者) 他们已经处于攻击性行为和从事物质使用的风险中，他们参与了 这些行为可能会因受害而加剧。地位高的青少年，他们觉得自己是同龄人的受害者 可能使用物质，或许是为了重申其较高的社会地位和/或应对负面经历； 然而，研究尚未对此进行实证检验。无论地位高的受害者是否变得咄咄逼人或 使用物质可能还取决于(1)他们对经验的感知和(2)物质的特性 肇事者。目前的提案试图通过以下方式解决这些差距：(1)审查短期和长期 受害对地位高的青少年的后果；(2)考察地位高的受害者对 成为受害者；(3)调查以高地位青少年为目标的青少年的特征。至 为了实现这些目标，拟议的研究将利用多种方法(例如，自我报告问卷、同伴 提名、二元提名、每日日记)纵向数据集。拟议研究的结果将 (1)加强我们对未被研究的受害者亚类的受害后果的了解，以及 (2)阐明受害和社会地位与危害健康行为有关的情况 (攻击性和物质使用)。该项目相应的三年奖学金培训计划将采取 位于全球同行关系研究中心，将为申请者提供特殊的概念、 方法和统计方面的专门知识。训练计划建立在申请者过去的攻击性训练基础上 通过纳入发展的其他方面(例如，社会认知、物质使用)来提高社会地位 和统计技术(例如，社交网络分析)。在此奖学金之后，申请者将拥有以下技能 需要成为一所顶尖研究型大学的全面、成功和独立的科学家。

Project Summary/Abstract Being victimized by peers is associated social, behavioral, and emotional difficulties, and bullying has even been labeled a public health crisis in several countries and by the NICHD. Victimization has also been linked to increased drug and alcohol use, perhaps as a maladaptive coping mechanism. This is concerning, as substance use is a global risk factor for disability, early mortality, and leads to significant economic and social costs. Therefore, it is crucial to understand factors that predict risk behavior (e.g., aggression, substance use) earlier in development (i.e., adolescence) before these behaviors become more severe and lead to significant individual and societal costs. The proposed project focuses on the roles of victimization and social status in predicting subsequent risk behaviors. Recent evidence suggests that our understanding of the consequences of victimization is incomplete, as most research has only focused on low-status, socially marginalized victims of aggression. Critically, growing evidence supports that high-status youth are also targeted with aggression. This is particularly concerning given the positive associations between high status, substance use, and aggression in adolescence. Therefore, current perspectives on victimization neglect a group of youth (high-status victims) who are already at risk to behave aggressively and to engage in substance use, and whose engagement in these behaviors may be exacerbated by victimization. High-status adolescents who feel victimized by peers may use substances, perhaps to reaffirm their high social standing and/or to coping with negative experiences; however, research has not yet tested this empirically. Whether or not high-status victims become aggressive or use substances likely will also depend on (1) their perceptions of their experience and (2) characteristics of the perpetrator. The current proposal seeks to address these gaps by: (1) examining the short- and long-term consequences of victimization for high-status adolescents; (2) examining high-status victims’ perceptions of being victimized; and (3) investigating the characteristics of youth who target high-status adolescents. To accomplish these aims, the proposed study will utilize multi-method (e.g., self-report questionnaires, peer nominations, dyadic nominations, daily diaries) longitudinal datasets. Results from the proposed research will (1) enhance our understanding of the consequences of victimization for an understudied subtype of victim and (2) elucidate circumstances under which victimization and social status are related to health-risk behavior (aggression and substance use). The corresponding three-year fellowship training plan for this project will take place in a global center of peer relations research and will provide the applicant with exceptional conceptual, methodological, and statistical expertise. The training plan builds on the applicant’s past training on aggression and social status by incorporating additional aspects of development (e.g., social cognition, substance use) and statistical techniques (e.g., social network analysis). After this fellowship, the applicant will have the skills needed to be a well-rounded, successful, and independent scientist at a top research university.