Improvements in 3D Visualization for Vision Research

描述（由申请人提供）：三维计算机图形在视觉空间感知的基础研究和虚拟现实等众多应用中起着关键作用。3d图形的目标是在数字显示屏上创建显示，产生与真实的3d场景本身相同的2d视网膜图像。这可以通过在显示屏上呈现两个图像来立体地完成，每只眼睛一个。由此产生的3d效果可能非常引人注目。然而，所得到的感知通常与用真实的场景和对象获得的感知不同。问题的一部分（如果不是全部的话）可以归因于不适当的屏幕提示，这些提示发出的信号是显示屏幕的距离（和形状），而不是模拟的场景或物体。在这里，我们建议测量这些屏幕线索的贡献，并开发一种新的，多焦点图形显示系统，将规避最有问题的屏幕线索。这项研究工作需要精神病学家、光学科学家和计算机图形工程师的综合才能，因此我们正在申请资金来整合这项合作研究计划。有四个具体目标。1.测量数字显示提示对感知三维的影响。我们将研究三个这样的线索的贡献：a）头部运动期间不适当的运动视差，B）像素化，和c）不适当的焦点线索。开发一个自适应透镜。要求是a）高图像质量，B）改变2屈光度或更多的能力，c）180 Hz或更高的频率响应，d）使透镜屈光度变化与图形显示同步，以及e）足够小且轻以供人类佩戴。开发并评估图形显示算法，以准确模拟焦点提示.构建并评估透镜和图形显示算法。我们将测试人类观察者是否使用该系统。我们将评估结果的质量方面的明显深度，闪烁，锐度，运动的平滑度，等等。我们将特别感兴趣的是使用深度判断任务来评估系统在产生更真实的3d感知方面的有效性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Three-dimensional computer graphics plays a key role in basic research on visual space perception and in numerous applications such as virtual reality. The goal in 3d graphics has been to create the display on a digital display screen that yields the same 2d retinal images as the real 3d scene itself. This can be done stereoscopically by presenting two images on the display screen, one for each eye. The resulting 3d impression can be very compelling. However, the resulting percept is frequently different from that obtained with real scenes and objects. Part, if not all, of the problem can be attributed to inappropriate screen cues that signal the distance to (and shape of' the display screen rather than simulated scene or object. Here we propose to measure the contributions of those screen cues and to develop a novel, multi-focal graphics display system that will circumvent the most problematic of the screen cues. The research effort requires the combined talents of psychophysicists, optical scientists, and computer graphic engineers, so we are requesting funds to put together this collaborative research program. There are four specific aims.1. Measure the influence of digital display cues on perceived 3-dimensionality. We will investigate the contributions of three such cues: a) inappropriate motion parallax during head movements, b) pixelization, and c) inappropriate focus cues.2. Develop an adaptive lens. The requirements are a) high image quality, b) ability to change power by 2 diopters or more, c) frequency response of 180Hz or higher, d) synchronizing lens power changes with the graphic display, and e) small and light enough to be worn by a human observer.3. Develop and evaluate the graphic display algorithm required to simulate focus cues accurately.4. Construct and evaluate the lens and graphical display algorithm. We will test human observers with and without the system in use. We will assess the quality of the resultant in terms of apparent depth, flicker, sharpness, smoothness of motion, and more. We will be particularly interested in using depth-judgment tasks to evaluate the effectiveness of the system in producing more veridical 3d percepts.