Econometric Study of the Impact of Smoking Bans on Consumer Behavior

描述(申请人提供)：许多州和地方最近已经颁布或正在考虑禁止在餐馆吸烟，使这一领域成为烟草控制政策最活跃的领域之一。这项拟议的研究是对餐厅禁烟影响的创新计量经济学研究。它将新颖地利用大型国家二级数据集来探索关于餐厅禁烟如何影响餐厅食品消费者的研究不足的问题。这也将是第一次对禁令对去餐厅和吸烟行为的影响进行综合研究。这种综合的方法将使这项研究能够捕捉到吸烟者可以根据禁令调整他们的行为的多重边际。为了实现其总体目标，该项目有两个具体目标。具体目标1是评估餐厅禁烟对消费者去餐厅和吸烟行为的影响。为了实现这一目标，该项目将使用1996年至2007年西蒙斯全国消费者调查(NCS)的多波数据。NCS的组合浪潮提供了关于全国约20万成年人样本的消费行为的详细信息。该项目将使用关于以下消费行为的个人层面的NCS数据：过去30天内访问特定家庭餐厅的次数和总数；过去30天内访问特定快餐店的次数和总数；外出就餐的时间；当前吸烟者每天吸烟的数量；过去一年的戒烟尝试；以及过去一年的成功戒烟。该项目将对去餐馆和吸烟的需求函数进行计量经济学简化。需求函数中的解释变量将包括禁烟、价格和其他需求转移因素。具体目标2是评估餐馆禁烟对家庭外出就餐支出和家庭香烟支出的影响。为了实现这一目标，该项目将使用消费者支出调查(CES)的多波数据。1996年至2007年的消费和消费调查的综合浪潮将提供一个具有全国代表性的约90,000个家庭的样本。该项目将使用家庭层面的CES数据：外出食品支出；香烟支出。该项目将估计外出食品支出和香烟支出的计量经济学简化形式需求函数。需求函数中的解释变量将包括禁烟、价格和其他需求转移因素。与公共健康相关：餐厅禁烟旨在减少顾客和员工暴露于二手烟的风险，而且它们也可能更普遍地阻止吸烟。禁令对公众健康的影响在一定程度上取决于它们对吸烟者和非吸烟者在餐厅食物消费的影响。拟议的项目将对禁令对消费者行为的影响进行综合研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many states and localities have either recently enacted or are considering bans on smoking in restaurants, making this one of the most active areas of tobacco control policy. The proposed research is an innovative econometric study of the impact of restaurant smoking bans. It will make novel use of large national secondary data sets to explore under-studied questions about how restaurant smoking bans affect consumers of restaurant foods. It will also be the first to conduct an integrated study of the bans' impacts on both restaurant-going and smoking behaviors. The integrated approach will allow the study to capture the multiple margins on which smokers can adjust their behaviors in reaction to the bans. To meet its broad goal, the project has two specific aims. Specific Aim 1 is to estimate the impact of restaurant smoking bans on consumers' restaurant-going and smoking behaviors. To meet this aim, the project will use data from multiple waves of the Simmons National Consumer Survey (NCS) from 1996 - 2007. The combined waves of the NCS provide detailed information on the consumer behavior of a nation- wide sample of about 200,000 adults. The project will use individual-level NCS data on the following consumer behaviors: the number of visits during the past 30 days to specific family restaurants and in total; the number of visits during the past 30 days to specific fast food restaurants and in total; time spent eating out; the number of cigarettes smoked per day by current smokers; past-year cessation attempt; and past-year successful cessation. The project will estimate econometric reduced-form demand functions for restaurant-going and smoking. The explanatory variables in the demand functions will include smoking bans, prices, and other demand shifters. Specific Aim 2 is to estimate the impact of restaurant smoking bans on household expenditures for food away from home and on household expenditures for cigarettes. To meet this aim, the project will use data from multiple waves of the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES). The combined waves of the CES from 1996 - 2007 will provide a nationally representative sample of about 90,000 households. The project will use household-level CES data on: expenditures on food away from home; and expenditures on cigarettes. The project will estimate econometric reduced-form demand functions for expenditures for food away from home and expenditures on cigarettes. The explanatory variables in the demand functions will include smoking bans, prices, and other demand shifters. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Restaurant smoking bans are intended to reduce secondhand smoke exposure for both the customers and employees of restaurants, and they might also discourage smoking more generally. The public health impact of the bans depends partly on their impact on smokers' and nonsmoker's consumption of restaurant food. The proposed project will conduct an integrated study of the impact of the bans on consumer behavior.