Aging and social decision-making: a Neuroeconomic approach

描述(由申请人提供)：该项目提出了一系列实验，将有助于衰老神经经济学的新兴领域，试图通过研究行为和潜在的神经底物来理解整个生命周期中决策的组成部分过程。拟议的研究试图开始具体说明决策的机制，特别是构成决策过程的审议和情感部分。多年来，情感对决策的影响在很大程度上被忽视了，但最近人们对我们的情绪状态如何影响我们所做的决策类型的兴趣提供了一个令人兴奋的机会，让我们扩大对这一最重要过程的了解。此外，考察情感加工和慎重加工在一生中对决策的不同影响程度，可以为评估这些基本认知功能提供重要线索。具体地说，拟议的实验将使用功能磁共振成像(FMRI)来测量从事经济决策的人的大脑功能。这一建议建立在作者之前的工作基础上，该工作研究了人类在与另一个人的结果社会互动中做出决策的潜在过程。这些研究发现了可靠的、独立的神经活动模式，与情感和深思熟虑的偏见相对应，并表明后续的决定似乎是基于这些不同的动机。在本提案中，将对先前研究中产生的假设进行系统检验。使用功能磁共振成像以及最后通牒和信任游戏的变体的实验将更深入地探索情感和深思熟虑的过程在多大程度上影响年轻人和老年人的决策。 随着来自许多不同和不同领域的研究人员试图了解人类决策行为的神经基础，神经经济学领域正在迅速发展。它允许在有意义的社会互动中研究个人，并结合复杂的方法和技术方法，实现从行为反应到基础神经活动的各个层面的调查。这一方法提供了一种宝贵的方法来评估决策如何在一生中运作，这项研究可以在更好地理解老年人在各种重要领域面临的现实生活决策方面产生立竿见影的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project proposes a series of experiments that will contribute to the burgeoning field of the neuroeconomics of aging, which attempts understand the component processes of decision-making across the lifespan by examining both behavior and the underlying neural substrates. The proposed studies seek to begin specifying the mechanisms of decisions, in particular the deliberative and affective components that make up the decision-making process. Affective influences on decision-making have been largely ignored for many years, but recent interest in how our emotional states can affect the type of decisions we make offer an exciting opportunity to broaden our knowledge of this most important process. Further, examining the degree to which affective and deliberative processing differentially influence decision-making across the lifespan can provide important clues for the assessment of these basic cognitive functions. Specifically, the proposed experiments will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain function of people engaged in economic decision-making. This proposal builds on previous work by the author examining the processes underlying human decision-making in a consequential social interaction with another person. These studies have found reliable, independent patterns of neural activity corresponding to affective and deliberative biases, and shown that subsequent decisions appear to be based on these different motives. In the present proposal, hypotheses generated in this previous study will be systematically tested. Experiments using fMRI and variants of Ultimatum and Trust Games will explore in greater depth the degree to which affective and deliberative processes influence decisions in both young and older populations. The field of neuroeconomics is growing rapidly as researchers from many different and disparate areas seek to understand the neural basis of human decision-making behavior. It allows the study of individuals in meaningful social interactions allied to sophisticated methodological and technological approaches enabling investigation at various levels, from behavioral responses to the neural activity that underlie them. This approach offers a valuable method by which to assess how decision-making operates across the lifespan, and this research can have immediate impact in terms of better understanding real-life decisions faced by elderly populations in a variety of important domains.