EFFECTS OF A DIET RICH IN MACADAMIA NUTS ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 许多流行病学研究已经证实了坚果和豆类花生的心脏保护作用。已经进行了许多临床研究，以评估坚果消费对心血管疾病(CVD)多种危险因素的影响，我们的研究团队在研究坚果对心血管风险标记物的影响方面拥有丰富的经验(Kris-Etherton，Pearson等人)。1999年；Kris-Etherton，Yu-Poth等人。1999年；West，Likos等人。2002年；赵，Etherton等人。2004年)。在目前的医学文献中，杏仁和核桃被研究得最深入。相比之下，人们对包括澳洲坚果在内的其他坚果知之甚少。澳洲坚果特别令人感兴趣，因为与其他坚果相比，它们具有独特的营养和脂肪酸组成。特别是，它们是单一不饱和脂肪酸的丰富来源，以及许多保护心脏的营养物质，包括纤维、维生素E和植物甾醇。由于这种营养“套餐”，与“普通的美国”饮食相比，食用澳洲坚果很可能显著降低多种心血管疾病的风险因素。Garg等人进行的荟萃分析的结果。研究发现，与高碳水化合物相比，高MUFA饮食降低了19%的空腹甘油三酯水平，降低了22%的极低密度脂蛋白-C，适度提高了高密度脂蛋白-C，而对低密度脂蛋白-C没有负面影响。综上所述，澳洲坚果中存在的营养物质之前已经被证明对脂肪代谢有独立的有益影响。 本研究设计为2个周期、5周的随机交叉研究。参与者将被给予他们在饮食期间的所有食物，并在每个时期结束时进行终点评估(血脂、炎症和氧化应激标志物、血管健康)。数据将在两个节食期的每一个之间进行比较。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Numerous epidemiologic studies have established cardioprotective effects of tree nuts and the legume peanuts. Many clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of nut consumption on multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and our research team has considerable experience in studying the effects of nuts on markers of cardiovascular risk (Kris-Etherton, Pearson et al. 1999; Kris-Etherton, Yu-Poth et al. 1999; West, Likos et al. 2002; Zhao, Etherton et al. 2004). In the current medical literature, almonds and walnuts have been studied the most intensively. In contrast, less is known about other nuts, including macadamia nuts. Macadamia nuts are of particular interest because, compared to the other nuts, they have a unique nutrient and fatty acid profile. In particular, they are a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, and numerous cardioprotective nutrients including fiber, vitamin E, and plant sterols. Because of this nutrient "package", it is likely that macadamia nut consumption can significantly reduce multiple CVD risk factors, compared to an "average American" diet. Results of a meta-analysis conducted by Garg et al. found that diets high in MUFA vs. high in carbohydrate reduce fasting TG levels by 19%, decrease VLDL-C by 22%, and moderately increase HDL-C without negatively affecting LDL-C. Taken together, the nutrients present in macadamia nuts have been shown previously to have independent beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. This study is designed as a 2 period, 5-week randomized crossover study. Participants will be given all of their food for the diet periods and endpoints will be assessed at the end of each period (lipids, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, vascular health). Data will be compared between each of the two diet periods.